SY0-601 Exam Dumps - CompTIA Security+ Questions and Answers

Key exchange Short Explanation: Key exchange is the process of securely sharing cryptographic keys between two parties over a public network. This allows them to establish a secure communication channel and encrypt their messages. There are different methods of key exchange, such as Diffie-Hellman or RSA. References: https://www.comptia.org/content/guides/what-is-encryption

Least privilege is a security principle that states that users and processes should only have the minimum level of access and permissions required to perform their tasks. This reduces the risk of insider threats by limiting the potential damage that a malicious or compromised user or process can cause to the system or data. References: https://www.comptia.org/blog/what-is-least-privilege

A service level agreement (SLA) is a contract between a service provider and a customer that outlines the services that are to be provided and the expected levels of performance. It is used to define the requirements for the service, including any attestations and reports that must be generated, and the timescales in which these must be completed. It also outlines any penalties for failing to meet these requirements. SLAs are essential for ensuring that third-party services are meeting the agreed upon performance levels.

The role that would most likely include the responsibilities of implementing technical controls to protect data and ensuring backups are properly maintained would be a Backup Administrator. A Backup Administrator is responsible for maintaining and managing an organization's backup systems and procedures, which includes ensuring that backups are properly configured, tested and securely stored. They are also responsible for the recovery of data in case of a disaster or data loss.

OWASP (Open Web Application Security Project) is a non-profit organization that provides resources and guidance for improving the security of web applications. It can be the best resource for a software developer who is looking to improve secure coding practices for web applications by offering various tools, frameworks, standards, cheat sheets, testing guides, etc., that cover various aspects of web application security development and testing

 A dump file is a file that contains the contents of memory at a specific point in time. It can be used for debugging or forensic analysis of a system or an application. It can reveal what was in the memory on the compromised server, such as processes, variables, passwords, encryption keys, etc.

Placing all known-infected hosts on an isolated network is the best way to stop the spread of a worm infection. This will prevent the worm from reaching other hosts on the network and allow the infected hosts to be cleaned and restored. Disconnecting every host from the network is not practical and may disrupt business operations. Running an AV scan on the entire network or scanning the hosts that show signs of infection may not be effective or fast enough to stop a fast-spreading worm.

F. Redundancy is a security objective that aims to ensure availability and resilience of systems and data by having backup or alternative components or resources that can take over in case of a failure. By purchasing two firewalls and two switches from different vendors, the security manager is creating redundancy for the network devices and reducing the single point of failure risk. E. Replication is a security objective that aims to ensure integrity and availability of data by creating copies or duplicates of the data across different locations or devices. By purchasing two firewalls and two switches from different vendors, the security manager is enabling replication of the network traffic and data across different paths and devices. References: 1 CompTIA Security+ Certification Exam Objectives, page 9, Domain 2.0: Architecture and Design, Objective 2.3: Summarize secure application development, deployment, and automation concepts 2 CompTIA Security+ Certification Exam Objectives, page 11, Domain 2.0: Architecture and Design, Objective 2.5: Explain the importance of physical security controls 3 CompTIA Security+ Certification Exam Objectives, page 13, Domain 3.0: Implementation, Objective 3.2: Implement secure protocols

A web application firewall (WAF) is a solution that inspects traffic to a cluster of web servers in a cloud environment and protects them from common web-based attacks, such as SQL injection, cross-site scripting, and denial-of-service1. A WAF can be deployed as a cloud service or as a virtual appliance in front of the web servers. A load balancer is a solution that distributes traffic among multiple web servers in a cloud environment and improves their performance, availability, and scalability2. A load balancer can also perform health checks on the web servers and route traffic only to the healthy ones. The other options are not relevant to this scenario. A CASB is a cloud access security broker, which is a solution that monitors and controls the use of cloud services by an organization’s users3. A VPN is a virtual private network, which is a solution that creates a secure and encrypted connection between two networks or devices over the internet. TLS is Transport Layer Security, which is a protocol that provides encryption and authentication for data transmitted over a network. DAST is dynamic application security testing, which is a method of testing web applications for vulnerabilities by simulating attacks on them.

References: 1: https://www.imperva.com/learn/application-security/what-is-a-web-application-firewall-waf/  2: https://www.imperva.com/learn/application-security/load-balancing/  3: https://www.imperva.com/learn/application-security/cloud-access-security-broker-casb/ : https://www.imperva.com/learn/application-security/vpn-virtual-private-network/ : https://www.imperva.com/learn/application-security/transport-layer-security-tls/ : https://www.imperva.com/learn/application-security/dynamic-application-security-testing-dast/ : https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/cloud-adoption-framework/ready/azure-best-practices/plan-for-traffic-inspection : https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/private-link/inspect-traffic-with-azure-firewall : https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/architecture/example-scenario/gateway/application-gateway-before-azure-firewall

Container security is a solution that can enable the company to detect security threats in applications that run in isolated environments within the cloud environment. Containers are units of software that package code and dependencies together, allowing applications to run quickly and reliably across different computing environments. Container security involves securing the container images, the container runtime, and the container orchestration platforms. Container security can help prevent unauthorized access, data breaches, malware infections, or denial-of-service attacks on the applications running in containers. References: 1 CompTIA Security+ Certification Exam Objectives, page 9, Domain 2.0: Architecture and Design, Objective 2.3: Summarize secure application development, deployment, and automation concepts 2 CompTIA Security+ Certification Exam Objectives, page 10, Domain 2.0: Architecture and Design, Objective 2.4: Explain the importance of embedded and specialized systems security 3 https://www.comptia.org/blog/what-is-container-security

According to Professor Messer’s video1, VDI stands for Virtual Desktop Infrastructure and it is a deployment model where employees use their personal computers to access a virtual machine that runs the company’s operating system and applications.

In the scenario described, the company is implementing a virtual desktop infrastructure (VDI) deployment model [1]. This allows employees to access the cloud computing environment using their personal computers, while the company manages the operating system. The VDI model is suitable for remote work scenarios because it provides secure and centralized desktop management, while allowing employees to access desktops from any device.

CVSS (Common Vulnerability Scoring System) is a framework and a metric that provides a standardized and consistent way of assessing and communicating the severity levels of vulnerabilities. It assigns a numerical score and a vector string to each vulnerability based on various factors, such as exploitability, impact, scope, etc. It can help communicate to the leadership team the severity levels of the organization’s vulnerabilities by providing a quantitative and qualitative measure of the risks and the potential impacts. 

 Content management is a security control that can limit the sites that can be accessed by corporate-issued mobile devices. It can also restrict employees from downloading images from company email by filtering or blocking certain types of content1. Geofencing is a security control that can only allow access to internal resources while physically on campus. It can use GPS or other location services to define a virtual boundary around a physical area and enforce policies based on the device’s location2.

References:

1: https://www.cyber.gov.au/resources-business-and-government/maintaining-devices-and-systems/system-hardening-and-administration/web-ha rdening/securing-content-management-systems 2: https://www.makeuseof.com/how-to-secure-your-content-management-system/

A server farm’s logs are records of events that occur on a group of servers that provide the same service or function. Logs can contain information such as date, time, source, destination, message, error code, and severity level. Logs can help administrators monitor the performance, security, and availability of the servers and troubleshoot any issues.

To determine the sequence of a server farm’s logs, the administrator should consider the following factors:

• Time stamps: Time stamps are indicators of when an event occurred on a server. Time stamps can help administrators sort and correlate events across different servers based on chronological order. However, time stamps alone may not be sufficient to determine the sequence of events if the servers have different time zones or clock settings.
• Time offset: Time offset is the difference between the local time of a server and a reference time, such as Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) or Greenwich Mean Time (GMT). Time offset can help administrators adjust and synchronize the time stamps of different servers to a common reference time and eliminate any discrepancies caused by time zones or clock settings.

References: https://www.comptia.org/certifications/security#examdetails https://www.comptia.org/content/guides/comptia-security-sy0-601-exam-objectives https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/server-manager/view-event-logs

Mitigating controls are designed to reduce the impact or severity of an event that has occurred or is likely to occur. They do not prevent or detect the event, but rather limit the damage or consequences of it. For example, a backup system is a mitigating control that can help restore data after a loss or corruption.

In this case, the company is focused on reducing risks from removable media threats, which are threats that can compromise data security, introduce malware infections, or cause media failure123. Removable media threats can be used to bypass network defenses and target industrial/OT environments2. The company cannot prohibit removable media entirely because of certain primary applications that require them, so it implements mitigating controls to lessen the potential harm from these threats.

Some examples of mitigating controls for removable media threats are:

• Encrypting data on removable media
• Scanning removable media for malware before use
• Restricting access to removable media ports
• Implementing policies and procedures for removable media usage and disposal
• Educating users on the risks and best practices of removable media

Industrial control systems (ICS) are devices that monitor and control physical processes, such as power generation, manufacturing, or transportation. Newer ICS devices may have voice and audio capabilities that can be exploited by attackers to eavesdrop on sensitive conversations or capture confidential information. This can result in the loss of intellectual property or trade secrets. References: https://www.comptia.org/content/guides/what-is-industrial-control-system-security

This certificate property will meet the requirements because it has a wildcard at the secondary subdomain level (.app1.comptia.org), which means it can be used for any subdomain under app1.comptia.org, such as test.app1.comptia.org or dev.app1.comptia.org. It also has a validity period of less than one year, which means it will need to be rotated annually. The other options do not meet the requirements because they either have a wildcard at the primary domain level (.comptia.org), which is not allowed, or they have a validity period of more than one year, which is too long.

CIS benchmarks are best practices and standards for securing various operating systems, applications, cloud environments, etc. They are developed by a community of experts and updated regularly to reflect the latest threats and vulnerabilities. They can be used to update and reconfigure the OS-level security configurations to ensure compliance and reduce risks. 

Jamming is a type of denial-of-service attack that involves interfering with or blocking the wireless signal using a device that emits radio waves at the same frequency as the wireless network. It can cause the wireless network to be down and users to be unable to connect to it, especially if they are working in a building near the parking lot where someone could easily place a jamming device.

Uninterruptible power supplies with battery backup would be the most cost-effective solution for the data center to implement to prevent under-voltage events following electrical grid maintenance outside the facility. An uninterruptible power supply (UPS) is a device that provides emergency power to a load when the main power source fails or drops below an acceptable level. A UPS with battery backup can help prevent under-voltage events by switching to battery power when it detects a voltage drop or outage in the main power source. A UPS with battery backup can also protect the data center equipment from power surges or spikes.

References: https://www.comptia.org/certifications/security#examdetails https://www.comptia.org/content/guides/comptia-security-sy0-601-exam-objectives https://www.apc.com/us/en/faqs/FA158852/