Changed CGEIT Exam Questions

 Value delivery is the best indicator of the effectiveness of IT governance in an enterprise because it measures how well IT supports the business objectives and creates value for the stakeholders. The other options are important aspects of IT governance, but they are not as comprehensive as value delivery. References := ISACA, CGEIT Review Manual, 7th Edition, Chapter 1: Framework for the Governance of Enterprise IT, Section 1.2: Principles of IT Governance, p. 9.

 A data steward is a functional role in data management and governance, with responsibility for ensuring that data policies and standards turn into practice within the steward’s domain. Data stewards assist the enterprise in leveraging domain data assets to full capacity1. One of the primary responsibilities of a data steward is to establish data quality requirements and metrics, which define the criteria and measures for assessing the fitness of data for its intended use. Data quality requirements and metrics are based on the business needs and expectations of the data consumers, and they cover various dimensions of data quality, such as accuracy, completeness, consistency, timeliness, validity, and reliability23. Data stewards also monitor and report on the data quality performance, identify and resolve data quality issues, and implement continuous improvement initiatives to enhance the data quality4.

The other options are not the primary responsibility of a data steward, especially at an enterprise with mature data management programs. Implementing processes for data collection and use is a responsibility of a data engineer or a data analyst, who design and execute the technical aspects of data acquisition, transformation, storage, and analysis5. Ensuring compliance with data privacy laws and regulations is a responsibility of a data protection officer or a data privacy officer, who oversee the legal and ethical aspects of data processing, security, and consent. Developing data-related policies and procedures is a responsibility of a data governance committee or a data governance officer, who set the strategic direction and objectives for data management and governance across the enterprise.

References: 1: What Is a Data Steward? Roles & Responsibilities | Zuar2 2: Data Quality Requirements: Definition & Examples - Talend 3: Data Quality Metrics: Definition & Examples - Talend 4: 6 Key Responsibilities of the Invaluable Data Steward - Dun & Bradstreet1 5: Data Engineer vs. Data Analyst: What’s The Difference? - Simplilearn : What is a Data Protection Officer (DPO)? Learn About the Role & Responsibilities | Varonis : What is Data Governance? Definition, Best Practices & More | Collibra

The most efficient approach for using risk scenarios to evaluate a new business opportunity is to identify risk events from both bottom-up and top-down perspectives. This means that the risk identification process should consider both the specific details of the opportunity, such as the market, customer, product, service, technology, and resources involved, as well as the broader context of the opportunity, such as the strategic objectives, vision, mission, values, and culture of the organization. By using both bottom-up and top-down approaches, the risk identification process can capture a comprehensive and balanced view of the potential risks that could affect the success of the opportunity. This will help to create realistic and relevant risk scenarios that can be analyzed and evaluated for decision-making purposes. A bottom-up approach alone may miss some important risks that are related to the organization’s strategy, governance, or environment, while a top-down approach alone may overlook some specific risks that are unique to the opportunity or its implementation. Therefore, a combination of both approaches is the most efficient way to use risk scenarios for evaluating a new business opportunity. References := What is business risk? | McKinsey, How to Write Strong Risk Scenarios and Statements - ISACA, Finding your blind spots: Recognising emerging risks and opportunities

Standardization of technical platforms can help optimize infrastructure investments by reducing complexity, increasing interoperability, and enabling economies of scale.

References:

• According to the CGEIT Review Manual 2022, one of the benefits of standardization is that it “optimizes infrastructure investments by reducing complexity and increasing interoperability and scalability.”
• According to the Oracle article on the EA Roadmap to Rationalize, Standardize, and Consolidate IT Assets, standardized technology "yields measurable cost savings through reduced software licenses and the elimination of redundant systems and skill sets."1