312-38 Exam Dumps - ECCouncil CND Questions and Answers

In MacOS, disk encryption is implemented by enabling the FileVault feature. FileVault is a disk encryption program available in Mac operating systems that uses XTS-AES-128 encryption with a 256-bit key to help prevent unauthorized access to information on the startup disk. It’s designed to encrypt the entire drive on your Mac, protecting your data with a password and automatically encrypting everything stored on the Mac. This feature is particularly important for users who handle sensitive information and want to ensure that their data is secure, even if their computer is lost or stolen.

References: The explanation is based on the official Apple Support documentation, which provides detailed guidance on using FileVault for disk encryption on MacOS12.

Physical controls are security measures that are designed to deny unauthorized access to facilities, equipment, and resources, and to protect personnel and property from damage or harm. Security labels and warning signs fall under this category as they are part of the physical measures taken to alert individuals about security protocols and to deter unauthorized access. These controls are a critical aspect of an organization’s overall security strategy, ensuring that sensitive information and assets are physically secured against unauthorized access or alterations.

References: The categorization of security labels and warning signs as physical controls is consistent with the Certified Network Defender (CND) course materials, which outline various types of security controls and their respective roles in protecting networked systems12.

A normal TCP packet is characterized by the proper use of control flags in the TCP header for managing the state of the connection. The FIN and ACK flags are specifically used during the termination phase of a TCP connection. When a session is being closed, a FIN flag is sent to indicate the end of data transmission, and an ACK flag is used to acknowledge the receipt of the FIN flag. This is part of the graceful shutdown process to ensure that both ends of the connection have successfully finished transmitting data.

References: This explanation aligns with the standard TCP connection termination process, where FIN and ACK flags play a crucial role123.

 RAID level 0, also known as striping, provides very good data performance because it spreads data across multiple disks, which can significantly increase speed for read and write operations. However, it does not offer fault tolerance or data redundancy. If any single disk fails in a RAID 0 setup, all data in the array is lost, making it unsuitable for mission-critical systems.

References: The EC-Council’s Certified Network Defender (CND) course materials discuss RAID levels and their characteristics. RAID level 0 is specifically mentioned for its high performance but lack of fault tolerance and redundancy123.

James should opt for PGP (Pretty Good Privacy) as it is a widely recognized method for encrypting emails. PGP provides a cost-effective solution for securing email communication, which is essential for the sensitive information handled by his company. It uses a combination of data compression, symmetric-key cryptography, and public key cryptography to secure emails. Each user has a pair of keys: a public key that is shared with others to encrypt emails to the user, and a private key that is kept secret by the user to decrypt emails they receive. This method ensures that even if the email is intercepted, without the corresponding private key, the contents remain unreadable.

References: The choice of PGP is supported by its longstanding reputation for providing secure email communication. It is designed to be used in scenarios where secure communication is necessary, and it’s a practical option for James since it doesn’t require a server-based PKI system. The other options listed do not provide the same level of security for email encryption. OTP (One-Time Password) systems are not typically used for email encryption, MD5 is a hashing algorithm

 Sam is implementing a Signature-based Intrusion Detection System (IDS). This type of IDS uses predefined patterns of traffic, known as signatures, to identify and flag potential security threats. These signatures are based on known attack patterns and anomalies that have been identified from past incidents. When network traffic matches a signature within the IDS, an alert is generated, indicating a possible security event or breach. Signature-based IDS is effective in detecting known threats but may not be as effective in identifying new, previously unknown attacks.

References: The information aligns with the Certified Network Defender (CND) objectives and documents, which describe the role and function of signature-based IDS within network security. The CND training materials emphasize the importance of understanding various IDS types, including signature-based systems, which are critical for detecting known threats and maintaining network security1.

The hot plugging technique allows for the replacement of computer components without the need to shut down the system. SATA (Serial Advanced Technology Attachment) is known for supporting hot plugging, which is particularly useful for hard drives and solid-state drives. This feature enables users to connect or disconnect the device while the system is running without risking data loss or damage. SCSI (Small Computer System Interface) also supports hot plugging for some devices, but SATA is more commonly associated with this capability for consumer-level computer components.

References: The information provided aligns with industry standards and practices regarding hot plugging capabilities of computer interfaces12.

Virtual machines (VMs) operate based on hardware-level virtualization, which means they emulate entire hardware systems, including CPUs, memory, and network interfaces, allowing multiple operating systems to run on a single physical machine. Each VM includes a full copy of an operating system, the application, necessary binaries, and libraries - taking up tens of GBs. VMs are completely isolated from the host OS, which is why they do not share the host OS. This is in contrast to containers, which share the host system’s kernel and are more lightweight as they do not require a full OS within each container.

References: The Certified Network Defender (CND) course by EC-Council covers various aspects of network security, including enterprise virtual network security, which encompasses the use of VMs and their characteristics12.

The last step Malone should list in his incident handling plan is ‘A follow-up’. This step is crucial as it involves analyzing the incident to understand how it occurred and what can be done to prevent similar incidents in the future. It often includes a review of the effectiveness of the response, identification of lessons learned, updating policies and procedures accordingly, and conducting training sessions if necessary. This step ensures that the organization improves its security posture and is better prepared for future incidents.

References: The follow-up step is aligned with the incident response life cycle which includes preparation, identification, containment, eradication, recovery, and then follow-up as the final phase. This is consistent with the best practices in incident response and is covered in the Certified Network Defender (CND) curriculum as well as in the NIST guidelines on incident response1.

WPA5 is not a standard term used in the industry, and there seems to be a confusion or typo in the question. However, based on the context of Wi-Fi security and encryption, the closest relevant standard is WPA3, which uses AES-GCMP 256 as its encryption algorithm. WPA3 is the successor to WPA2 and provides enhanced security features. It uses the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) with Galois/Counter Mode Protocol (GCMP) 256-bit encryption, which offers a higher level of security than the previous encryption methods used in WPA2, such as AES-CCMP. AES-GCMP 256 provides robust protection against various attacks and is designed to work efficiently on a wide range of devices, including those with limited processing capabilities.

References: The information provided is based on the current understanding of Wi-Fi security protocols, specifically the WPA3 standard, which is known to use AES-GCMP 256-bit encryption123.