312-38 Exam Dumps - ECCouncil CND Questions and Answers

The integrity check mechanism used by WPA2 to provide security against replay attacks is the Cipher Block Chaining Message Authentication Code (CBC-MAC). This mechanism is part of the protocol suite that ensures data integrity and authenticity by using a combination of cipher block chaining (CBC) and message authentication code (MAC) to produce a secure and unique code for each data packet.

References: This information is consistent with the security protocols outlined in WPA2 standards, which specify the use of CBC-MAC for integrity checks12.

ISO/IEC 27018 is a code of practice for cloud service providers that handle personally identifiable information (PII). It provides a framework for protecting the privacy of PII in the cloud, consistent with the privacy principles in ISO/IEC 29100 for the public cloud computing environment. This standard is particularly relevant for cloud service providers needing to demonstrate they have implemented effective privacy controls to protect their customers’ data. The adoption of ISO/IEC 27018 by a cloud service provider is a strong indication of compliance with privacy laws and regulations, ensuring the protection of personal information in the cloud123.

References:

• ISO/IEC 27018 overview and compliance information as provided by Microsoft Learn1.
• Details on ISO/IEC 27018 compliance by Google Cloud2.
• General information about ISO 27018 for cloud providers from Schellman3.
• EC-Council’s Certified Network Defender (CND) course content4.

According to NIST guidelines, the incident category that includes activities seeking to access or identify a federal agency computer, open ports, protocols, services, or any combination thereof for later exploitation is categorized as ‘Scans/Probes/Attempted Access’. This category encompasses any unauthorized attempts to access systems, networks, or data, which may include scanning for vulnerabilities or probing to discover open ports and services.

References: The NIST Special Publication 800-61 Revision 2, titled “Computer Security Incident Handling Guide,” outlines the various categories of incidents and recommends best practices for incident response. It details how to handle incidents such as scans, probes, and attempted access, which are precursors to more serious attacks12.

In Wireshark, the filter tcp.flags==0x000 is used to detect TCP packets with no flags set. TCP flags are used to indicate the state of a TCP connection or provide additional information to the receiving party. Common flags include SYN, ACK, RST, FIN, among others. A packet with no flags set (represented as 0x000) could be indicative of a network anomaly or a specific type of attack, such as a reconnaissance or scanning attack. It’s important for network administrators like Sam to monitor such packets as they could signify malicious activity on the network. References: The explanation is based on standard TCP/IP protocol behavior and the usage of Wireshark filters, which is consistent with the Network Defender (CND) curriculum that covers network monitoring and analysis tools. The reference to the filter syntax comes from the Wireshark documentation and common networking practices.

The Chief Information Officer (CIO) is typically responsible for the implementation and management of policies and plans that support an organization’s IT and computer systems. The CIO’s role involves overseeing the IT department, aligning IT goals with business strategies, and ensuring that the IT infrastructure is capable of supporting the organization’s operations and objectives. They play a crucial role in decision-making processes related to technology investments and are instrumental in executing the organization’s IT policies and strategic plans.

References: This information is consistent with the roles and responsibilities outlined for IT management in the EC-Council’s Certified Network Defender (CND) program, which emphasizes the importance of leadership and strategic direction in network security12.

The most appropriate backup method for a company that wants to ensure data encryption and accessibility from any location at any time is cloud backup. Cloud backup solutions provide remote, offsite storage that can be accessed over the internet, which is ideal for ensuring data availability and security. These solutions often include robust encryption protocols to secure data during transfer and while at rest on the cloud servers. This aligns with the need for a backup method that not only encrypts data but also allows for easy access regardless of the user’s location.

References: The explanation is based on standard practices in data backup and security, which are consistent with the objectives and documentation of the Certified Network Defender (CND) course. Cloud backup is widely recognized for its encryption capabilities and remote accessibility, making it a suitable choice for companies looking to secure their data backups.

The NIST security life cycle components and their activities are correctly matched in option C:

• Implement (1) corresponds with iv. Sets security controls within an enterprise architecture. This involves integrating the selected security controls into the enterprise architecture during the implementation phase.
• Authorize (2) matches with iii. Determines risk to organizational operations and assets. Authorization involves assessing the risks to the organization’s operations and assets and determining if the implemented controls are adequate.
• Categorize (3) aligns with v. Defines criticality of information system according to potential worst-case. Categorization is the process of determining the criticality of information systems based on the potential impact of worst-case scenarios.
• Select (4) is associated with i. Determines security control effectiveness. Selection involves choosing the appropriate security controls and determining their effectiveness in protecting the system.

References: The information provided is based on the NIST guidelines for the system development life cycle, which include security considerations as an integral part of the process1234.

The netstat command is used to display network connections, routing tables, interface statistics, masquerade connections, and multicast memberships. To list all ports available on a server, including both TCP and UDP, along with the listening state and associated program names, the -tunlp options are used:

• -t shows TCP ports.
• -u shows UDP ports.
• -n displays addresses and port numbers in numerical form.
• -l shows only listening sockets.
• -p shows the PID and name of the program to which each socket belongs.

Therefore, the command sudo netstat -tunlp effectively lists all ports available on a server with detailed information.

References:

• EC-Council Certified Network Defender (CND) Study Guide
• Linux netstat command documentation

The IEEE 802.16 is a series of wireless broadband standards, also known as WirelessMAN, that are designed for Metropolitan Area Networks (MANs). It specifies the air interface, including the medium access control layer (MAC) and physical layer (PHY), of combined fixed and mobile point-to-multipoint broadband wireless access systems. This standard supports rapid deployment of broadband wireless access systems and encourages competition by providing alternatives to wireline broadband access.

References: The information is verified by the IEEE Standard for Local and metropolitan area networks Part 16: Air Interface for Broadband Wireless Access Systems1, and further details can be found in the IEEE 802.16 Working Group’s documents23.

 Network Address Translation (NAT) is a network function that translates private IP addresses into a public IP address. This technique restricts the number of public IP addresses required by an organization, as multiple devices on a private network can share a single public IP address. NAT also enhances firewall filtering techniques by hiding the internal IP addresses from the external network, which adds a layer of security by making it more difficult for attackers to target specific devices within the organization’s network. It is a common practice in network security to use NAT in conjunction with firewalls to manage the traffic entering and leaving the network, ensuring that only authorized access is permitted.

References: The information provided aligns with the Certified Network Defender (CND) program’s focus on network defense fundamentals, including the application of network security controls like NAT12. Additionally, NAT’s role in conserving IP addresses and providing security by hiding internal network addresses is well-documented and is part of the network security best practices345.