SSCP Exam Dumps - ISC 2 Credentials Questions and Answers

As session key is a symmetric key that is used to encrypt messages between two users. A session key is only good for one communication session between users.

For example , If Tanya has a symmetric key that she uses to encrypt messages between Lance and herself all the time , then this symmetric key would not be regenerated or changed. They would use the same key every time they communicated using encryption. However , using the same key repeatedly increases the chances of the key being captured and the secure communication being compromised. If , on the other hand , a new symmetric key were generated each time Lance and Tanya wanted to communicate , it would be used only during their dialog and then destroyed. if they wanted to communicate and hour later , a new session key would be created and shared.

The other answers are not correct because :

Public Key can be known to anyone.

Private Key must be known and used only by the owner.

Secret Keys are also called as Symmetric Keys, because this type of encryption relies on each user to keep the key a secret and properly protected.

REFERENCES:

SHON HARRIS , ALL IN ONE THIRD EDITION : Chapter 8 : Cryptography , Page : 619-620

Wireless Transport Layer Security (WTLS) is a communication protocol that allows wireless devices to send and receive encrypted information over the Internet. S-WAP is not defined. WSP (Wireless Session Protocol) and WDP (Wireless Datagram Protocol) are part of Wireless Access Protocol (WAP).

Source: KRUTZ, Ronald L. & VINES, Russel D., The CISSP Prep Guide: Mastering the Ten Domains of Computer Security, John Wiley & Sons, 2001, Chapter 4: Cryptography (page 173).

All other properties above apply to the Rijndael algorithm, chosen as the AES standard to replace DES.

The AES algorithm is capable of using cryptographic keys of 128, 192, and 256 bits to encrypt and decrypt data in blocks of 128 bits. Rijndael was designed to handle additional block sizes and key lengths, however they are not adopted in the AES standard.

IDEA cipher algorithm operates on 64-bit plaintext blocks and uses a 128 bit key.

Reference(s) used for this question:

http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/fips/fips197/fips-197.pdf

and

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Encryption_Standard

Computer worms are also known as Network Mobile Code, or a virus-like bit of code that can replicate itself over a network, infecting adjacent computers.

A computer worm is a standalone malware computer program that replicates itself in order to spread to other computers. Often, it uses a computer network to spread itself, relying on security failures on the target computer to access it. Unlike a computer virus, it does not need to attach itself to an existing program. Worms almost always cause at least some harm to the network, even if only by consuming bandwidth, whereas viruses almost always corrupt or modify files on a targeted computer.

A notable example is the SQL Slammer computer worm that spread globally in ten minutes on January 25, 2003. I myself came to work that day as a software tester and found all my SQL servers infected and actively trying to infect other computers on the test network.

A patch had been released a year prior by Microsoft and if systems were not patched and exposed to a 376 byte UDP packet from an infected host then system would become compromised.

Ordinarily, infected computers are not to be trusted and must be rebuilt from scratch but the vulnerability could be mitigated by replacing a single vulnerable dll called sqlsort.dll.

Replacing that with the patched version completely disabled the worm which really illustrates to us the importance of actively patching our systems against such network mobile code.

The following answers are incorrect:

- Rootkit: Sorry, this isn't correct because a rootkit isn't ordinarily classified as network mobile code like a worm is. This isn't to say that a rootkit couldn't be included in a worm, just that a rootkit isn't usually classified like a worm. A rootkit is a stealthy type of software, typically malicious, designed to hide the existence of certain processes or programs from normal methods of detection and enable continued privileged access to a computer. The term rootkit is a concatenation of "root" (the traditional name of the privileged account on Unix operating systems) and the word "kit" (which refers to the software components that implement the tool). The term "rootkit" has negative connotations through its association with malware.

- Adware: Incorrect answer. Sorry but adware isn't usually classified as a worm. Adware, or advertising-supported software, is any software package which automatically renders advertisements in order to generate revenue for its author. The advertisements may be in the user interface of the software or on a screen presented to the user during the installation process. The functions may be designed to analyze which Internet sites the user visits and to present advertising pertinent to the types of goods or services featured there. The term is sometimes used to refer to software that displays unwanted advertisements.

- Logic Bomb: Logic bombs like adware or rootkits could be spread by worms if they exploit the right service and gain root or admin access on a computer.

The following reference(s) was used to create this question:

The CCCure CompTIA Holistic Security+ Tutorial and CBT

and

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rootkit

and

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_worm

and

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adware

Content security measures presumes that the content is available in cleartext on the central mail server.

Encrypted emails have to be decrypted before it can be filtered (e.g. to detect viruses), so you need the decryption key on the central "crypto mail server".

There are several ways for such key management, e.g. by message or key recovery methods. However, that would certainly require further processing in order to achieve such goal.

As script kiddies are low to moderately skilled hackers using available scripts and tools to easily launch attacks against victims.

The other answers are incorrect because :

Black hats is incorrect as they are malicious , skilled hackers.

White hats is incorrect as they are security professionals.

Phreakers is incorrect as they are telephone/PBX (private branch exchange) hackers.

Reference : Shon Harris AIO v3 , Chapter 12: Operations security , Page : 830

When seeking to determine the security position of an organization, the security professional will eventually turn to a vulnerability assessment to help identify specific areas of weakness that need to be addressed. A vulnerability assessment is the use of various tools and analysis methodologies to determine where a particular system or process may be susceptible to attack or misuse. Most vulnerability assessments concentrate on technical vulnerabilities in systems or applications, but the assessment process is equally as effective when examining physical or administrative business processes.

The vulnerability assessment is often part of a BIA. It is similar to a Risk Assessment in that there is a quantitative (financial) section and a qualitative (operational) section. It differs in that i t is smaller than a full risk assessment and is focused on providing information that is used solely for the business continuity plan or disaster recovery plan.

A function of a vulnerability assessment is to conduct a loss impact analysis. Because there will be two parts to the assessment, a financial assessment and an operational assessment, it will be necessary to define loss criteria both quantitatively and qualitatively.

Quantitative loss criteria may be defined as follows:

Incurring financial losses from loss of revenue, capital expenditure, or personal liability resolution

The additional operational expenses incurred due to the disruptive event

Incurring financial loss from resolution of violation of contract agreements

Incurring financial loss from resolution of violation of regulatory or compliance requirements

Qualitative loss criteria may consist of the following:

The loss of competitive advantage or market share

The loss of public confidence or credibility, or incurring public mbarrassment

During the vulnerability assessment, critical support areas must be defined in order to assess the impact of a disruptive event. A critical support area is defined as a business unit or function that must be present to sustain continuity of the business processes, maintain life safety, or avoid public relations embarrassment.

Critical support areas could include the following:

Telecommunications, data communications, or information technology areas

Physical infrastructure or plant facilities, transportation services

Accounting, payroll, transaction processing, customer service, purchasing

The granular elements of these critical support areas will also need to be identified. By granular elements we mean the personnel, resources, and services the critical support areas need to maintain business continuity

Reference(s) used for this question:

Hernandez CISSP, Steven (2012-12-21). Official (ISC)2 Guide to the CISSP CBK, Third Edition ((ISC)2 Press) (Kindle Locations 4628-4632). Auerbach Publications. Kindle Edition.

KRUTZ, Ronald L. & VINES, Russel D., The CISSP Prep Guide: Mastering the Ten Domains of Computer Security, John Wiley & Sons, 2001, Page 277.

The exposure factor is a measure of the magnitude of loss or impact on the value of an asset.

The probability is the chance or likelihood, in a finite sample, that an event will occur or that a specific loss value may be attained should the event occur.

A vulnerability is the absence or weakness of a risk-reducing safeguard.

A threat is event, the occurrence of which could have an undesired impact.

Source: ROTHKE, Ben, CISSP CBK Review presentation on domain 3, August 1999.

When using symmetric cryptography, both parties will be using the same key for encryption and decryption. Symmetric cryptography is generally fast and can be hard to break, but it offers limited overall security in the fact that it can only provide confidentiality.

Source: WALLHOFF, John, CBK#5 Cryptography (CISSP Study Guide), April 2002 (page 2).

Passwords can be compromised and must be protected. In the ideal case, a password should only be used once. The changing of passwords can also fall between these two extremes.

Passwords can be required to change monthly, quarterly, or at other intervals, depending on the criticality of the information needing protection and the password's frequency of use.

Obviously, the more times a password is used, the more chance there is of it being compromised.

It is recommended to use a passphrase instead of a password. A passphrase is more resistant to attacks. The passphrase is converted into a virtual password by the system. Often time the passphrase will exceed the maximum length supported by the system and it must be trucated into a Virtual Password.

Reference(s) used for this question:

http://www.itl.nist.gov/fipspubs/fip112.htm

and

KRUTZ, Ronald L. & VINES, Russel D., The CISSP Prep Guide: Mastering the Ten Domains of Computer Security, 2001, John Wiley & Sons, Page 36 & 37.