Scripting-and-Programming-Foundations Exam Dumps - WGU NDE Questions and Answers

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

A function that calculates the average of two numbers (x and y) needs to take those numbers as inputs (parameters) and return their average as the output. According to foundational programming principles (e.g., Certiport Scripting and Programming Foundations Study Guide), functions should accept necessary inputs and return computed results, avoiding unnecessary parameters or outputs.

Option A: "Parameters: x, y, average; Return value: none." This is incorrect. Including average as a parameter is unnecessary since it is the result to be computed. A function with no return value (void in C) would not provide the average to the caller, which defeats the purpose.

Option B: "Parameters: x, y; Return value: average." This is correct. The function needs x and y as inputs to compute (x + y) / 2. The average is returned to the caller. For example, in Python: def average(x, y): return (x + y) / 2.

Option C: "Parameters: none; Return values: x, y." This is incorrect. Without parameters, the function cannot access x and y to compute the average. Returning x and y is irrelevant to the task.

Option D: "Parameters: average; Return values: x, y." This is incorrect. average is the output, not an input, and returning x and y does not provide the computed average.

Certiport Scripting and Programming Foundations Study Guide (Section on Functions).

Python Documentation: “Defining Functions” (https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/controlflow.html#defining-functions).

W3Schools: “C Functions” (https://www.w3schools.com/c/c_functions.php).

An integer data type is used to represent whole numbers without any fractional or decimal component. In the given options:

A. The number of students in a section is a countable quantity that does not require a fractional part, making it suitable for an integer data type.

B. The cost of a dinner including tax and tip would typically involve a decimal to account for cents, thus requiring a floating-point data type.

C. The weights of patients are usually measured with precision and can have decimal values, necessitating a floating-point data type.

D. An approximation of the number pi to five decimal places is a decimal value and would require a floating-point data type.

 A student’s grade point average (GPA) is a numerical representation that typically includes a decimal to account for the precision of the average (e.g., 3.75). Therefore, it should be declared as a floating-point data type to accommodate the decimal part. Since a student’s GPA can change over time with the addition of new grades, it should be declared as a variable rather than a constant.

A language characterized by a series of method calls is typically referred to as a functional language. In functional programming, computation is treated as the evaluation of mathematical functions and avoids changing-state and mutable data. It is a declarative programming paradigm, which means programming is done with expressions or declarations instead of statements. In functional languages, functions are first-class citizens, meaning they can be passed as arguments to other functions, returned as values from other functions, and assigned to variables.

A sequence diagram is a type of interaction diagram that details how operations are carried out within a system. It is used to model the interactions between objects or components in a sequence that reflects the order of operations, particularly focusing on the messages exchanged between these objects over time. The vertical axis of a sequence diagram represents time, and the horizontal axis represents the objects involved in the interaction. The purpose of a sequence diagram is to illustrate the sequence of messages or events that occur between these objects, typically in the context of a specific use case or scenario within the software system1234.

 In a program that calculates the average miles per gallon based on miles traveled and gas consumed, the item that holds the miles per gallon should be declared as a variable because it will change depending on the input values. The data type should be a floating-point number (float) because miles per gallon is a value that can have a fractional part, and it is not a fixed value, hence it should not be a constant.

Activity diagrams are another type of UML diagram used to model the workflow or flow of control within a system.

They visually represent the steps performed by a system to complete a specific activity.

They use a set of symbols, including rounded rectangles for activities, diamonds for decisions, and arrows to show the flow between steps.

The activity diagram shows the workflow of a process called "PrintPositive".

It starts with a single initial state (represented by a black circle) labeled "Get Input".

There's a decision diamond labeled "Negative?" with two paths.

The "Yes" path leads to an activity "Negate".

The "No" path leads directly to an activity "Print Output".

Both paths end with a black circle labeled "End".

How it describes the execution flow:

The diagram indicates that the process starts by getting some input.

Then, there's a decision made based on whether the input is negative.

If it's negative, the value is negated.

In either case (positive or negative), the output is printed.

Finally, the process ends.

Summary:

The activity diagram captures the steps involved in the "PrintPositive" activity, including the decision-making process and the alternative paths based on the input. This aligns with the purpose of describing the execution flow.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

In Agile, the design phase focuses on creating technical specifications and plans for implementing the software, including identifying functions, classes, or modules. According to foundational programming principles, this phase bridges requirements (from analysis) to coding (in implementation).

Option A: "Determining the functions that need to be written." This is correct. During the design phase, the team specifies the functions, methods, or components (e.g., function signatures, class methods) required to meet the requirements. For example, designing a calculateTotal() function for an e-commerce system occurs here.

Option B: "Determining the goals of the project." This is incorrect. Project goals are established during the analysis phase, where requirements and user stories are defined.

Option C: "Writing the required objects." This is incorrect. Writing code (e.g., implementing classes or objects) occurs during the implementation phase, not design.

Option D: "Deciding on the name of the program." This is incorrect. Naming the program is a minor decision, typically made earlier (e.g., during project initiation or analysis), and is not a primary focus of the design phase.

Certiport Scripting and Programming Foundations Study Guide (Section on Agile Design Phase).

Agile Alliance: “Agile Design” (https://www.agilealliance.org/glossary/design/).

Fowler, M., Refactoring: Improving the Design of Existing Code (design principles in Agile).

 When dealing with body temperature, especially in Fahrenheit, the appropriate data type to use is a floating-point number (float). Here’s why:

Measurement Precision:

Body temperature can have decimal values, such as 98.6°F.

Integer data types (like B. Integer) cannot represent fractional values.

Floats allow for greater precision and can handle decimal places.

Temperature Scales:

Fahrenheit is a continuous scale, not a discrete set of values.

It includes both positive and negative values (e.g., sub-zero temperatures).

Floats accommodate this range effectively.

Examples:

A person’s body temperature might be 98.6°F (normal) or 101.3°F (fever).

These values require a data type that can handle fractions.

We start with the given function: ( Y = -2x - 2 ).

To find ( f(-1) ), we substitute ( x = -1 ) into the function.

Plugging in the value: ( f(-1) = -2(-1) - 2 = 2 - 2 = 0 ).

References

Scripting and Programming Foundations documents.