Scripting-and-Programming-Foundations Exam Dumps - WGU NDE Questions and Answers

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

Dijkstra’s shortest path algorithm finds the shortest path between nodes in a weighted graph, often used for navigation or network routing. According to foundational programming principles (e.g., Certiport Scripting and Programming Foundations Study Guide, Section on Algorithms), it is designed for problems involving optimal paths in graphs with non-negative edge weights.

Option A: "Given an increasing array of numbers, is the number 19 in the array?" This is incorrect. This is a search problem, typically solved by binary search for a sorted array, not Dijkstra’s algorithm, which deals with graphs.

Option B: "Given an alphabetized list of race entrants and a person’s name, is the person entered in the race?" This is incorrect. This is another search problem, solvable by binary search or linear search, not related to graph paths.

Option C: "Given two newspaper articles, what is the greatest sequence of words shared by both articles?" This is incorrect. This is a longest common subsequence (LCS) problem, solved by dynamic programming, not Dijkstra’s algorithm.

Option D: "Given the coordinates of five positions, what is the most fuel-efficient flight path?" This is correct. This describes a shortest path problem in a graph where nodes are positions (coordinates) and edges are distances or fuel costs. Dijkstra’s algorithm can find the most efficient path (e.g., minimizing fuel) between these points, assuming non-negative weights.

Certiport Scripting and Programming Foundations Study Guide (Section on Algorithms).

Cormen, T.H., et al., Introduction to Algorithms, 3rd Edition (Dijkstra’s Algorithm, Chapter 24).

GeeksforGeeks: “Dijkstra’s Shortest Path Algorithm” (https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/dijkstras-shortest-path-algorithm-greedy-algo-7/).

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

A grade point average (GPA) is a numerical value that typically includes decimal places (e.g., 3.75). According to foundational programming principles, it should be declared as a variable if it may change (e.g., as grades are updated) and as a floating-point type to accommodate decimals.

Option A: "Variable float gpa." This is correct. GPA requires a floating-point type (float) to handle decimal values, and since it may change over the term, it should be a variable, not a constant. For example, in C: float gpa = 3.5;.

Option B: "Constant float gpa." This is incorrect. A constant (const in C) cannot be modified after initialization, but GPA may change as new grades are added.

Option C: "Variable int gpa." This is incorrect. An integer (int) cannot store decimal values, which are common in GPAs (e.g., 3.2).

Option D: "Constant int gpa." This is incorrect. GPA requires a float for decimals and a variable for mutability, making both const and int unsuitable.

Certiport Scripting and Programming Foundations Study Guide (Section on Variables and Data Types).

C Programming Language Standard (ISO/IEC 9899:2011, Section on Floating Types).

W3Schools: “C Variables” (https://www.w3schools.com/c/c_variables.php).

A statically typed language is one where the type of a variable is known at compile time. This means that the type of each variable must be declared and does not change throughout the program’s execution. While this can lead to a larger number of variable declarations and sometimes conversions, it also allows for type checking at compile time, which can catch many errors before the program runs. Statically typed languages include Java, C, C++, and others123.

A. round_number(4.723, 2) - This is not a valid function call because there is no function named round_number defined in the given context.

B. convort_value(12) - This is not a valid function call either. Additionally, the expected return value “cVa1” seems to be a typo or an incorrect value.

C. Printsample() - This is a valid function call. It invokes the function named Printsample.

D. CountFactors(96 integer) - This is not a valid function call. The parameter “integer” should not be included in the function call.

E. function Sample(float 2.0) - This is not a valid function call. The function name should not start with the keyword “function,” and the parameter “float 2.0” is not correctly formatted.

F. GetHeight(integer 3, integer 4) - This is a valid function call. It calls the function GetHeight with two integer arguments: 3 and 4.

References

GeeksforGeeks: Function Calling in Programming

Stack Overflow: Different ways to call a function

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

In Agile, the analysis phase (often part of sprint planning or backlog refinement) involves gathering and refining requirements, typically as user stories or features, based on stakeholder input. According to foundational programming principles and Agile methodologies (e.g., Certiport Scripting and Programming Foundations Study Guide, Agile Manifesto), the analysis phase focuses on defining what the system should do.

Agile Analysis Phase:

Identifies and prioritizes requirements, often incorporating customer feedback.

Produces user stories or feature lists (e.g., “add new animation effects”).

Option A: "Deciding that new capabilities in the animation application will be written as functions without the need for any new objects." This is incorrect. This decision involves technical design (e.g., choosing procedural vs. object-oriented approaches), which occurs in the design phase, not analysis.

Option B: "Sending the application to customers for additional evaluation after new features are added." This is incorrect. This occurs during testing or deployment phases (e.g., sprint review or user acceptance testing), not analysis.

Option C: "Deciding to add five new capabilities to the animation application based on customer feedback." This is correct. In Agile, analysis includes refining the product backlog by adding new features (capabilities) based on customer feedback, such as new animation effects or tools.

Option D: "Writing the code for five new capabilities." This is incorrect. Writing code occurs during the implementation phase, not analysis.

Certiport Scripting and Programming Foundations Study Guide (Section on Agile Analysis).

Agile Manifesto: “Customer Collaboration” (http://agilemanifesto.org/).

Cohn, M., User Stories Applied (Chapter 2: Agile Requirements).

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

The loop variable update statement modifies the loop control variable to progress the loop. In this do-while loop, h tracks the number of attempts, and its update is critical to the loop’s termination. According to foundational programming principles, the update statement is typically within the loop body.

Code Analysis:

integer h = 0: Initializes h (not an update).

Put "What is the password?" to output: Outputs prompt (not an update).

String userInput = Get next input: Gets input (not an update).

if userInput != pwd: Conditional check (not an update).

Put "Incorrect." to output: Outputs message (not an update).

h = h + 1: Updates h, incrementing the attempt counter.

while (userInput != pwd) and (h <= 10): Loop condition (not an update).

Option A: "if userInput = pwd." Incorrect. This is a conditional statement, not an update. (Note: The code uses = for comparison, which may be a typo; == is standard.)

Option B: "h = h + 1." Correct. This updates the loop variable h, incrementing it to track attempts.

Option C: "(userInput != pwd) and (h <= 10)." Incorrect. This is the loop condition, not an update.

Option D: "integer h = 0." Incorrect. This is the initialization, not an update.

Certiport Scripting and Programming Foundations Study Guide (Section on Loops and Variables).

C Programming Language Standard (ISO/IEC 9899:2011, Section on Do-While Loops).

W3Schools: “C Do While Loop” (https://www.w3schools.com/c/c_do_while_loop.php).

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

The algorithm assigns a value to a based on the value of x, checking if x is negative, zero, or positive. According to foundational programming principles, conditional statements (if-else) are used to categorize inputs based on conditions.

Algorithm Analysis:

if x < 0: If x is negative, set a = 1.

else if x = 0: If x is zero, set a = 2. (Note: = is likely a typo for == in comparison.)

else: If x > 0 (positive), set a = 3.

Outcome: The algorithm categorizes x into three states: negative (x < 0), zero (x == 0), or positive (x > 0).

Option A: "Whether x is odd." Incorrect. The algorithm does not check parity (e.g., x % 2).

Option B: "Whether x is evenly divisible by 2 or 3." Incorrect. No divisibility checks (e.g., x % 2 or x % 3) are performed.

Option C: "Whether x is negative, 0, or positive." Correct. The conditions directly test x < \ 0, x == 0, and x > 0.

Option D: "Whether x is even." Incorrect. The algorithm does not test evenness.

Certiport Scripting and Programming Foundations Study Guide (Section on Conditional Statements).

Python Documentation: “If Statements” (https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/controlflow.html#if-statements).

W3Schools: “C If Else” (https://www.w3schools.com/c/c_if_else.php).

Initialize two variables: x and Count to zero.

Iterate through each number in the NumList.

For each number in the list:

Add the number to x.

Increment Count by one.

After processing all numbers in the list, calculate the average:

Average = x / Count.

The NumList contains the following integers: [1, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8].

Calculating the average: (1 + 3 + 5 + 6 + 7 + 8) / 6 = 30 / 6 = 5.0.

However, none of the provided options match this result. It seems there might be an error in either the options or the calculation.

 In the Waterfall model of software development, the phase where all functions that need to be written to support the inventory system would be outlined is the Design phase. This phase is critical as it translates the requirements gathered during the analysis phase into a blueprint for constructing the system. It involves two subphases: logical design and physical design. The logical design subphase is where possible solutions are brainstormed and theorized, while the physical design subphase is when those theoretical ideas and schemas are turned into concrete specifications12.

In the context of writing a function that determines whether a given number N is even or odd, the input to the function should be the number itself, represented by the variable N. The function will then perform the necessary logic to determine whether N is even or odd and return the appropriate value (0 for even, 1 for odd).

Here’s how the function might look in Python:

Python

def check_even_odd(N):

"""

Determines whether a given number N is even or odd.

Args:

N (int): The input number.

Returns:

int: 0 if N is even, 1 if N is odd.

"""

if N % 2 == 0:

return 0 # N is even

else:

return 1 # N is odd

# Example usage:

number_to_check = 7

result = check_even_odd(number_to_check)

print(f"The result for {number_to_check} is: {result}")

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In this example, if number_to_check is 7, the function will return 1 because 7 is an odd number.