ISO-IEC-27001-Lead-Auditor Exam Dumps - PECB ISO 27001 Questions and Answers

The definition of information that is not correct is C: mature and measurable data. This is not a valid definition of information, as information does not have to be mature or measurable to be considered as such. Information can be any data that has meaning or value for someone or something in a certain context. Information can be subjective, qualitative, incomplete or uncertain, depending on how it is interpreted or used. Mature and measurable data are characteristics that may apply to some types of information, but not all. The other definitions of information are correct, as they describe different aspects of information, such as accuracy and timeliness (A), specificity and organization (B), and understanding and uncertainty reduction (D). ISO/IEC 27001:2022 defines information as “any data that has meaning” (see clause 3.25). References: CQI & IRCA Certified ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Lead Auditor Training Course, ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Information technology — Security techniques — Information security management systems — Requirements, What is Information?

The audit team stated that the risk of a significant defect occurring in Data Grid Inc.'s ISMS was low. This refers to "Control Risk," which is the risk that a misstatement could occur in any relevant assertion related to an ISMS and that the risk could not be prevented or detected on a timely basis by the organization's internal control systems.

References: ISO 19011:2018, Guidelines for auditing management systems

According to the PECB Candidate Handbook for ISO/IEC 27001 Lead Auditor, one of the professional behaviours expected from an audit team leader is to be decisive, which means to “reach timely conclusions based on logical reasoning and analysis” (page 8). Being open minded, ethical, and perceptive are also desirable qualities for an audit team leader, but they do not match the description given in the question. References: PECB Candidate Handbook for ISO/IEC 27001 Lead Auditor, page 8.

Vehicular incidents are not a type of information security attack. A vehicular incident is an event that involves a vehicle or its driver causing damage or injury to people or property. A vehicular incident may have an impact on information security if it affects the availability or integrity of information or systems that are transported or accessed by vehicles, but it is not an intentional or malicious attack on information security. Legal incidents are a type of information security attack that involve legal actions or disputes that may compromise the confidentiality or integrity of information or systems. Technical vulnerabilities are a type of information security attack that exploit weaknesses or flaws in software or hardware that may compromise the confidentiality, integrity, or availability of information or systems. Privacy incidents are a type of information security attack that involve unauthorized access or disclosure of personal or sensitive information that may compromise the confidentiality or integrity of information or systems. References: : CQI & IRCA ISO 27001:2022 Lead Auditor Course Handbook, page 25. : [ISO/IEC 27001 LEAD AUDITOR - PECB], page 13.

The triad refers to the three elements of information security: confidentiality, integrity and availability3. Technology is the glue that ties the triad together, as it provides the means to implement various controls and measures to protect information from unauthorized access, modification or loss3. References: ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Lead Auditor Training Course - BSI

In the context of ISO/IEC 27001, the approval of the risk assessment and the acceptance of the remaining risk levels after treatment are typically responsibilities of the top management. This is because top management is accountable for the information security management system and its outcomes, and they have the authority to accept risks on behalf of the organization12. References: = The information provided is based on the standard practices of ISO/IEC 27001 risk assessment and treatment processes, which emphasize the role of top management in the approval and acceptance of risks

The two standards that are used as ISMS third-party certification audit criteria are ISO/IEC 27001 and relevant legal, statutory, and regulatory requirements. ISO/IEC 27001 specifies the requirements for establishing, implementing, maintaining, and continually improving an information security management system (ISMS)1. Relevant legal, statutory, and regulatory requirements are those that apply to the organization’s information security aspects and objectives2. The other options are either not standards (E) or not directly related to the ISMS certification audit criteria (A, B, C, F). References: 1: ISO/IEC 27001:2022, Information technology — Security techniques — Information security management systems — Requirements, Clause 1 \n2: ISO/IEC 27001:2022, Information technology — Security techniques — Information security management systems — Requirements, Clause 4.2

In the context of a third-party certification audit, the management responsibilities of the audit team leader in managing the audit and the audit team include adopting a risk-based approach to planning the audit and establishing contact with the auditee. A risk-based approach to planning the audit means that the team leader should consider the risks and opportunities that may affect the achievement of the audit objectives, the scope and criteria, the audit methods and techniques, the allocation of resources and the assignment of tasks to the audit team members. Establishing contact with the auditee means that the team leader should communicate with the auditee before, during and after the audit, to confirm the audit arrangements, to obtain relevant information, to address any issues or concerns, to provide feedback and to report the audit results and conclusions. References: = ISO 19011:2022, clauses 6.4.1 and 6.4.2; PECB Candidate Handbook ISO 27001 Lead Auditor, pages 24 and 25.

According to ISO/IEC 27000:2018, which provides an overview and vocabulary of information security management systems, an information security event is an identified occurrence of a system, service or network state indicating a possible breach of information security policy or failure of safeguards, or a previously unknown situation that may be security relevant1. An information security incident is a single or a series of unwanted or unexpected information security events that have a significant probability of compromising business operations and threatening information security1. Therefore, based on this definition, three examples of information security incidents are:

• A contractor who has not been paid deletes top management ICT accounts: This is an example of an unwanted or unexpected information security event that has a significant probability of compromising business operations and threatening information security, as it may result in loss of access, data, or functionality for the top management.
• An unhappy employee changes payroll records without permission: This is an example of an unwanted or unexpected information security event that has a significant probability of compromising business operations and threatening information security, as it may result in financial fraud, legal liability, or reputational damage for the organization.
• The organisation’s marketing data is copied by hackers and sold to a competitor: This is an example of an unwanted or unexpected information security event that has a significant probability of compromising business operations and threatening information security, as it may result in loss of confidentiality, competitive advantage, or customer trust for the organization.

The other options are not examples of information security incidents, but rather information security events that may or may not lead to incidents depending on their impact and severity. For example:

• The organisation’s malware protection software prevents a virus: This is an example of an identified occurrence of a system state indicating a possible breach of information security policy or failure of safeguards, but it does not have a significant probability of compromising business operations and threatening information security, as it is prevented by the malware protection software.
• A hard drive is used after its recommended replacement date: This is an example of an identified occurrence of a system state indicating a possible breach of information security policy or failure of safeguards, but it does not have a significant probability of compromising business operations and threatening information security, unless it fails or causes other problems.
• The organisation receives a phishing email: This is an example of an identified occurrence of a network state indicating a possible breach of information security policy or failure of safeguards, but it does not have a significant probability of compromising business operations and threatening information security, unless it is opened or responded to by the recipient.
• An employee fails to clear their desk at the end of their shift: This is an example of an identified occurrence of a service state indicating a possible breach of information security policy or failure of safeguards, but it does not have a significant probability of compromising business operations and threatening information security, unless the desk contains sensitive or confidential information that is accessed by unauthorized persons.
• The organisation fails a third-party penetration test: This is an example of an identified occurrence of a system state indicating a possible breach of information security policy or failure of safeguards, but it does not have a significant probability of compromising business operations and threatening information security, unless the penetration test reveals serious vulnerabilities that are exploited by malicious actors.

References: ISO/IEC 27000:2018 - Information technology – Security techniques – Information security management systems – Overview and vocabulary

Confidentiality is one of the principles of audit conduct that auditors should adhere to when performing audits. Confidentiality means that auditors should exercise discretion in the use and protection of information acquired in the course of their duties3. Auditors should respect the intellectual property rights of the auditee and other parties involved in the audit, and should not disclose any information that is sensitive, proprietary, or confidential without prior approval from the auditee or other authorized parties3. Auditors should also obtain the auditee’s permission before using a camera or recording equipment during an audit, as these devices may capture confidential information or infringe on the privacy of individuals3. Therefore, these two options correctly state the function of confidentiality in an audit. The other options are either incorrect or irrelevant to confidentiality. For example, auditors are not forced by regulatory requirements to maintain confidentiality in an audit, but rather by ethical obligations and contractual agreements3. Observers in an audit team can access confidential information if they have signed a confidentiality agreement and have been authorized by the auditee3. Audit information can be used for improving personal competence by the auditor only if it does not compromise confidentiality or conflict with other interests3. As an auditor is always accompanied by a guide, there is still a risk to the auditee’s sensitive information if the guide is not trustworthy or authorized to access such information3. References: ISO 19011:2018 - Guidelines for auditing management systems