FCSS_EFW_AD-7.4 Exam Dumps - Fortinet Certified Solution Specialist Questions and Answers

TheConfiguration Revision Historywindow inFortiManagershows that the most recent configuration change (ID 10) was created byscript_managerwith the actionRetrieved.

Sincescript_manageris a system-level script execution user, the IT team needs to findwho actually triggered this script. This can be done by:

● Checking theFortiManager system logsforscript execution events.

● Using thetype=scriptfilter to locate the administrator associated with the script execution.

In anADVPN (Auto-Discovery VPN) network, adynamic VPN tunnelis establishedon-demandbetween spokes to optimize traffic flow and reduce latency.

Process:

1.Traffic Initiation:

A client behindSpoke-1sends traffic to a device behindSpoke-2.

The traffic initially flows through thehub, following the pre-established overlay tunnel.

2.Hub Detection:

Thehubdetects that Spoke-1 is communicating with Spoke-2 and determines that adirect shortcut tunnelbetween the spokes can optimize the connection.

3.Shortcut Offer:

Thehub sends a "Shortcut Offer"message to Spoke-1, informing it that a directdynamic tunnelto Spoke-2 is possible.

4.Tunnel Establishment:

Spoke-1 and Spoke-2 then negotiate and establish a directIPsec tunnelfor communication.

When FortiGate processes the first packets of a session, it follows a sequence of steps to determine how the traffic should be handled before establishing a session. The initial step involves:

● Access Control List (ACL) checks: Determines if the traffic should be allowed or blocked based on predefined security rules.

● Hardware Packet Engine (HPE) inspections: Ensures that packet headers are valid and comply with protocol standards.

● IP Integrity Header Checking: Verifies if the IP headers are intact and not malformed or spoofed.

Once these security inspections are completed and the session is validated, FortiGate then installs the session in hardware (if offloading is enabled) or processes it in software.

When configuring aloopback interface as the BGP sourceforconnecting to an ISP, two important settings must be applied:

1.Enable EBGP Multihop (ebgp-enforce-multihop)

BGP normally expects directly connected neighbors, but since the ISP and FortiGate A are usingloopback interfaces,packets will not be sent directly between their physical interfaces.

Theebgp-enforce-multihopcommandallows BGP to form an eBGP peering over multiple hops.

2.Set the Update Source (update-source)

Since FortiGate is using aloopback interface as the source, theupdate-sourcecommand ensures thatBGP updates originate from the loopback interfacerather than a physical interface.

This is essential becauseBGP peers must match the source IP with the configured neighbor address.

To minimizeCPU and RAM usagewhile still enforcingsecurity features like web filtering and application control,SSL certificate inspection modeis the best choice.

●SSL certificate inspectionallows FortiGate to inspectonly the SSL/TLS handshake, including theServer Name Indication (SNI) and certificate details, without decrypting the full encrypted payload.

● This enables features likeweb filtering and application controlbecause FortiGate can determine thedestination website or applicationbased onSNI and certificate information.

● Itsignificantly reduces system loadcompared tofull SSL inspection, which requires full decryption and re-encryption of traffic.

In a hub-and-spoke topology using OSPF over IPsec VPNs, thepoint-to-multipointnetwork type is necessary to establish neighbor adjacencies between the hub and spokes. This network type ensures that OSPF operates correctly without requiring a designated router (DR) and allows dynamic routing updates across the IPsec tunnels.

FortiGate, like other security appliances, cannot analyze encrypted HTTPS traffic unless itdecryptsit first. Ifonly certificate inspectionis enabled, FortiGate can see the certificate details (such as the domain and issuer) butcannot inspect the actual web content.

To fully analyze the traffic and detect potential malware threats:

●Full SSL inspection (Deep Packet Inspection)must be enabled in theSSL/SSH Inspection Profile.

● This allows FortiGate todecrypt the HTTPS traffic, inspect the content, and then re-encrypt it before forwarding it to the user.

● Without full SSL inspection, threats embedded in encrypted traffic may go undetected.