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The community attribute in BGP is an optional transitive attribute. It is not mandatory for BGP operations, but when it is present, it should be passed unchanged to other BGP peers unless explicitly modified by a routing policy. The community attribute is used to group destinations in a certain way, often to apply routing policies to those destinations collectively.

References:

• Juniper Networks documentation on BGP communities: BGP Communities Overview

To test connectivity to a server from within a specific routing instance, you use thepingcommand along with therouting-instanceoption to specify the routing instance from which you are pinging. This is necessary because the routing table associated withvr3is separate from the main routing table, and you must explicitly tell the device to use thevr3routing table to reach the server.

References:

• Juniper Networks documentation on Routing Instances: Routing Instances Overview

The AS path is a BGP attribute that lists the autonomous systems (AS) that routing information has passed through to get to a destination. It is used to detect and prevent routing loops by checking if the router's own AS number is in the path.

References:

• Juniper Networks documentation on BGP: BGP Attributes and Policy

metric—Metric value. Range: 1 through 63, or 1 through 16,777,215 (if you have configured wide metrics) Default: 10 (for all interfaces except lo0), 0 (for the lo0 interface)