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D. The database role indicated by FS_FAILOVER_STATUS as BYSTANDER implies that the database is a standby database in the Data Guard configuration. This means the database is neither a primary database nor an active failover target.

E. Since the FS_FAILOVER_OBSERVER_HOST column shows cats, it suggests that this is the host on which the observer would run. However, because the FS_FAILOVER_OBSERVER_PRESENT column is not shown, we cannot definitively state if the observer is currently connected or not. If FS_FAILOVER_OBSERVER_PRESENT is 'YES', the observer is connected, if 'NO', then it's not. In the absence of this column's output, the best assumption based on the available data is that the observer is not connected.

The output shows that the FS_FAILOVER_STATUS is BYSTANDER, which indicates that the database in question is not actively involved in a fast-start failover configuration as a primary or standby. It is in a bystander role, meaning that while it is part of a Data Guard configuration, it is neither a target for failover nor actively participating in failover operations. Additionally, FS_FAILOVER_OBSERVER_HOST shows 'cats', which indicates the host where the observer process is expected to run. However, since there is no information about the observer being present, we can infer that although 'cats' is designated for the observer to run, the observer is not currently connected to this database.

ReferencesOracle documentation on Data Guard configurations and the V$DATABASE view which provides information about the fast-start failover status and observer host.

Creating dedicated database services for each database instance (Option D) and utilizing event triggers to manage these services based on the role of the database (Option E) ensure that clients connect to the appropriate database instance based on its current role and state. This approach leverages the flexibility and control provided by Oracle Net services and database event management to direct client connections to the suitable primary or standby instance, enhancing the overall robustness and reliability of the Data Guard environment. References: Based on Oracle Database 19c best practices for managing connectivity and services in a Data Guard setup, including the use of role-based services and event-driven service management.

When enabling fast-start failover, certain conditions must be met:

• The fastStartFailoverTarget property is not set on Dogs (A): The primary database (Dogs) needs to have a fast-start failover target configured for the operation to succeed.
• The LogXptMode property is set to ASYNC on Sheep while Sheep is the target standby database (B): Fast-start failover requires synchronous redo transport (SYNC or FASTSYNC) to ensure zero data loss, which is a prerequisite for enabling the feature.
• The LogXptMode property is set to ASYNC on Dogs (D): Similar to the previous point, the primary database must be configured to use synchronous redo transport for the fast-start failover to be possible.References:
• Oracle Data Guard Broker documentation
• Oracle Database Error Messages Guide

• A fast recovery area must be configured (B): Flashback Database requires a fast recovery area to be set up because flashback logs are stored there. The fast recovery area is a unified storage location for all recovery-related files and activities.
• The database must be in ARCHIVELOG mode (C): Flashback Database operation relies on the ability to archive redo logs. Therefore, the database must be running in ARCHIVELOG mode for Flashback Database to be enabled.

References:

• Oracle Database Backup and Recovery User's Guide
• Oracle Data Guard Concepts and Administration Guide