Financial Risk and Regulation 2016-FRR Reddit Questions

Under Basel II, Tier 1 capital, also known as core capital, includes:

Equity Capital: This includes common stock and retained earnings. It is the highest quality of capital because it is fully available to cover losses.

Accrued Profits to Reserves: Profits that are retained and not distributed as dividends are added to reserves, increasing the bank's capital base.

This combination of equity capital and retained earnings ensures that Tier 1 capital is robust and able to absorb significant losses, thereby providing a strong financial cushion.References: How Finance Works, sections on regulatory capital requirements and the components of Tier 1 capital​​.

In the event of an extreme liquidity crisis, a bank would resort to the "discount window" as a lender of last resort. This facility is provided by central banks (like the Federal Reserve) to offer loans to banks facing liquidity shortages, thereby stabilizing the financial system.

ReferencesStandard financial practice and the role of central banks in providing emergency liquidity​​.

Risk reports are used for:

Identification of exceptional situations that require managerial attention: Highlighting issues that need immediate response.

Display the relative risk among different trades: Providing a comparative view of risk levels.

Estimate the overall risk levels of the bank: Summarizing the total risk exposure.

These functions are essential for effective risk management within a financial institution.

BetaFin decided to use the hybrid RCSA approach because:

They have previously created a series of RCSA workshops, and the results of these workshops can be used to design the questionnaires (I).

They have successfully used the questionnaire approach for certain businesses and the workshop approach for others (III).