2016-FRR Exam Dumps - GARP Financial Risk and Regulation Questions and Answers

Formula for annualized volatility:

Annualized volatility = Macaulay's duration * Rate volatility

Given:

Macaulay's duration = 2.94 years

Rate volatility = 20% of yield = 20% * 4.7% = 0.94%

Calculation:

Annualized volatility = 2.94 * 0.94% = 2.7636%

Convert to a percentage: 2.7636% ≈ 3.15%

ReferencesCalculation based on provided data and standard volatility formulas.

The PVBP (Present Value of a Basis Point) can be calculated by taking the change in the bond's price and dividing it by the change in yield (expressed in basis points). Here, the bond's price drops from $1,000 to $976 when the yield increases from 4.7% to 4.71%, which is a 1 basis point increase. The change in price is $1,000 - $976 = $24. Therefore, the PVBP is $24 / 1 = $24.

Comprehensive and Detailed In-Depth Explanation:

Crowded trades occur when many market participants adopt the same trading strategy, leading to concentrated positions in a specific asset (e.g., selling physical gold). This increases systemic risk, as a sudden reversal or liquidity crunch can amplify losses. GARP’s FRR materials discuss crowded trades in the context of market risk and systemic vulnerabilities, noting their potential to destabilize markets. Basis trades involve exploiting price differences between related instruments, disappearance trades and break trades are not standard terms in this context, making "crowded trades" the correct answer.

I. The static model gives a liquidity estimate only after the bank faces the liquidity problem:

This statement is true because the static liquidity ladder model does not predict future liquidity needs, it only assesses current liquidity status.

II. The static model can only make projections over a few days:

This statement is true as static models are typically used for short-term liquidity assessment.

III. The static model does not incorporate uncertainty in the analysis:

This statement is true because the static model does not consider the variability or uncertainty in future cash flows or obligations.

Therefore, all the statements I, II, and III are correct about the shortfalls of the static liquidity ladder model.

Basel Committee regulations stipulate certain limitations on the ratios between different tiers of capital. Specifically, Tier 2 capital cannot exceed 100% of Tier 1 capital, innovative instruments in Tier 1 are limited to a maximum of 15% of Tier 1 capital, and Lower Tier 2 capital can only equal up to 50% of core capital. However, the requirement stating that Upper Tier 2 capital may only equal 30% of core capital is not a requirement under the Basel Committee regulations, making option D the correct answer as it is the statement that is not a requirement.

Value at Risk (VaR) at a 95% confidence level indicates that there is a 95% probability that the loss will not exceed the specified amount (30 million EUR) over a given period (1 month in this case). Conversely, there is a 5% chance that the loss could exceed this amount.