NSE7_PBC-7.2 Exam Dumps - Fortinet Certification Questions and Answers

The next step the administrator must take to access the Linux EC2 instance from the internet is:

D. Allocate an Elastic IP address and assign it to the instance.

Elastic IP (EIP) Requirement: By default, when an EC2 instance is launched in AWS, it receives a public IP address from Amazon's pool, which is not static. This IP address can change, for example, if the instance is stopped and started again. To have a static IP address, you need to allocate an Elastic IP (EIP), which is a persistent public IP address, and then associate it with the instance.

Public Accessibility: Without an Elastic IP, the instance may not be accessible over the internet after a reboot or stop/start sequence. Assigning an Elastic IP ensures the instance can be accessed consistently using the same IP address.

References: The AWS documentation on EC2 instances details the process and need for Elastic IPs to ensure consistent internet access to instances.

Immutable infrastructure is a DevOps approach that emphasizes the creation of disposable resources instead of modifying existing ones1. This approach helps to achieve stability, consistency, and predictability in IT operations by reducing the risk of configuration drift and eliminating stateful components1.

One way to implement immutable infrastructure is to use a blue-green deployment strategy, which runs two live environments for configuration changes2. The blue environment is the current production environment, while the green environment is the new version of the application or service. When the green environment is ready, the traffic is switched from blue to green, and the blue environment is destroyed or kept as a backup2. This way, there is no need to update or patch the existing infrastructure, but rather replace it with a new one.

References:

1: Immutable Infrastructure, Architecture, and its benefits

2: Introduction to Immutable Infrastructure – BMC Software | Blogs

The correct answer is B and C. Both landing subnets in the spoke VPCs must have a 0.0.0.0/0 traffic route to the TGW. Both landing subnets in the security VPC must have a 0.0.0.0/0 traffic route to the FortiGate port2.

According to the AWS documentation for Transit Gateway, a transit gateway is a network transit hub that connects VPCs and on-premises networks. To send outbound traffic from the Linux instances to the internet through the security VPC, you need to do the following steps:

In the main subnet routing table in the spoke VPCs, add a new route with destination 0.0.0.0/0, next hop TGW. This route directs all traffic from the Linux instances to the TGW, which can then forward it to the appropriate destination based on the TGW route table.

In the main subnet routing table in the security VPC, add a new route with destination 0.0.0.0/0, next hop FortiGate port2. This route directs all traffic from the TGW to the FortiGate internal interface, where it can be inspected and allowed by the FortiGate policies.

The other options are incorrect because:

Adding a 0.0.0.0/0 traffic route to the Internet Gateway (IGW) in the spoke VPCs is not correct, as this would bypass the TGW and the security VPC and send all traffic directly to the internet.

Adding a 0.0.0.0/0 traffic route to the TGW in all the VPCs is not necessary, as only the spoke VPCs need to send traffic to the TGW. The security VPC needs to send traffic to the FortiGate port2.

Transit Gateways - Amazon Virtual Private Cloud : Fortinet Documentation Library - Deploying FortiGate VMs on AWS

When using an AWS CloudFormation template to add a new spoke to an existing transit VPC environment, the necessary components are:

The BGPASN value used for the transit VPC (Option C): BGP Autonomous System Number (ASN) is required for setting up BGP routing between the transit VPC and the new spoke. This number uniquely identifies the system in BGP routing and is crucial for correct routing and avoiding routing conflicts.

The tag value of the spoke (Option D): Tags in AWS are used to identify and manage resources. The tag value assigned to a spoke VPC helps in organizing, managing, and locating the VPC within the larger AWS environment. Tags are essential for automation scripts and policies that depend on specific identifiers to apply configurations or rules.

References: AWS CloudFormation and AWS Transit Gateway documentation provide guidance on the use of BGPASN and tags for managing and automating VPC deployments effectively.

A. All the output values are available after a successful terraform apply command. This means that after the deployment, you can view the output values by running terraform output or terraform show in the same directory where you ran terraform apply1. You can also use the output values in other Terraform configurations or external systems by using the terraform output command with various options2. B. The subnet_private_1 value is defined in the variables.tf file. This means that the subnet_private_1 value is an input variable that can be customized by passing a different value when running terraform apply or by setting an environment variable3. The variables.tf file is where you declare all the input variables for your Terraform configuration4.

The other options are incorrect because:

After the deployment, Terraform output values are not visible only through AWS CloudShell. You can access them from any shell or terminal where you have Terraform installed and configured with your AWS credentials.

You do not need to specify all the AWS credentials in the output.tf file. The output.tf file is where you declare all the output values for your Terraform configuration4. You can specify your AWS credentials in a separate file, such as provider.tf, or use environment variables or shared credentials files. References:

Output Values - Configuration Language | Terraform - HashiCorp Developer

Command: output - Terraform by HashiCorp

Input Variables - Configuration Language | Terraform - HashiCorp Developer

Configuration Language | Terraform - HashiCorp Developer

The correct answer is D. CloudWatch and S3.

According to the GitHub repository for the Fortinet aws-lambda-tgw script1, this function requires the following AWS services:

CloudWatch: A monitoring and observability service that collects and processes events from various AWS resources, including Transit Gateway attachments and route tables.

S3: A scalable object storage service that can store the configuration files and logs generated by the Lambda function.

By using the Fortinet aws-lambda-tgw script, you can automate the creation and configuration of Transit Gateway Connect attachments for your FortiGate devices. This can help you save time and avoid errors when adding more spoke VPCs to an existing hub and spoke topology1.

The other AWS services mentioned in the options are not required for this task. GuardDuty is a threat detection service that monitors for malicious and unauthorized behavior to help protect AWS accounts and workloads. WAF is a web application firewall that helps protect web applications from common web exploits. Inspector is a security assessment service that helps improve the security and compliance of applications deployed on AWS. DynamoDB is a fast and flexible NoSQL database service that can store various types of data.

1: GitHub - fortinet/aws-lambda-tgw

Confirming to delete all the resources in Terraform will have the following impact:

D. It destroys all the resources in the state file.

Terraform State File Role: The terraform.tfstate file contains a real-time mapping of the resources that Terraform manages, including their current configuration and relationships. This file tracks the actual state of resources provisioned by Terraform.

Impact of Destruction: When Terraform prompts for confirmation to destroy resources, and 'yes' is entered, Terraform reads the state file and systematically removes all the resources that are managed as part of that state. This is not limited to a specific .tfvars file, IAM user, or resource group—it is a global action that affects all resources tracked by the state file associated with the current Terraform workspace and configuration.

References: The function of the terraform.tfstate file and the impact of resource destruction are detailed in Terraform's official documentation. This behavior is fundamental to how Terraform manages infrastructure as code.