N10-008 Exam Dumps - CompTIA Network+ Questions and Answers

A split-tunnel VPN is a VPN feature that allows remote users to access network resources while only redirecting necessary traffic through the VPN tunnel. A split-tunnel VPN enables users to choose which applications or websites to secure with the VPN and which to connect normally through the internet. This can improve performance, conserve bandwidth, and avoid compatibility issues with some services that depend on the user’s location. A split-tunnel VPN can also allow users to access local devices or resources that are not accessible through the VPN.

A Next-Generation Firewall (NGFW) is a type of firewall that can filter traffic on all OSI layers, as well as provide advanced security features such as application awareness, intrusion prevention, and threat intelligence. A NGFW can replace a traditional router at the edge of a network and provide better protection against network attacks.

A proxy is a server that acts as an intermediary between clients and servers, forwarding requests and responses. A proxy can filter traffic on the application layer (layer 7), but not on the lower layers of the OSI model.

A layer 3 switch is a device that can perform both switching and routing functions. A layer 3 switch can filter traffic on the network layer (layer 3), but not on the higher or lower layers of the OSI model.

A load balancer is a device that distributes incoming traffic among a group of servers, improving performance and reliability. A load balancer can filter traffic on the transport layer (layer 4), but not on the higher or lower layers of the OSI model.

References

What is a Next-Generation Firewall?

What is a Reverse Proxy vs. Load Balancer?

Load Balancers Vs Api Gateway Vs Reverse Proxy

Reverse Proxy and Load Balancer: Understanding the Difference

CompTIA Network+ Certification All-in-One Exam Guide, Eighth Edition (Exam N10-008)

A toner is a tool that generates an audible signal that can be traced by a probe. A network technician can use a toner to identify the appropriate patch panel port by connecting the toner to one end of the patch cord and using the probe to scan the patch panel until the signal is detected. A toner is the easiest way to identify the patch panel port when the patch panel is not labeled, as it does not require a laptop, a cable tester, or a visual fault locator. A toner can also be used to locate breaks or shorts in a cable, or to verify continuity.

References:

• Using a Toner and Probe - CompTIA Network+ Certification (N10-008): The Total Course Video
• CompTIA Network+ Certification Exam Objectives, page 141

• A DHCP scope is a range of IP addresses that a DHCP server can assign to clients on a network.
• If the DHCP scope is fully utilized, it means that there are no more available IP addresses to assign to new clients.
• This can cause some internal users who cannot connect to network resources, as they will not have a valid IP address to communicate with other devices on the network.
• The users may have been able to connect last week, but not today, because their previous IP address lease may have expired and they could not renew it due to the lack of available IP addresses.
• The other options are less likely to cause the issue, because:

References:

• : CompTIA Network+ N10-008 Study Guide, Chapter 3: IP Addressing, page 104
• : Professor Messer’s CompTIA N10-008 Network+ Course Notes, Section 3.2: DHCP, page 27
• : CompTIA Network+ N10-008 Study Guide, Chapter 2: Network Cabling and Topologies, page 69
• : Professor Messer’s CompTIA N10-008 Network+ Course Notes, Section 4.1: Network Services, page 36
• : CompTIA Network+ N10-008 Study Guide, Chapter 7: Network Management, page 276
• : Professor Messer’s CompTIA N10-008 Network+ Course Notes, Section 7.1: Network Monitoring, page 66

• BGP stands for Border Gateway Protocol, and it is the standard protocol for exchanging routing information between different autonomous systems (AS) on the internet12. An AS is a network or a group of networks under a single administrative control, such as an ISP or a large enterprise12.
• BGP is an Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP), which means it is used to communicate with routers outside the local network or AS12. BGP allows each AS to advertise its own routes and policies to other ASes, and to learn the best routes to reach any destination on the internet12.
• BGP is generally used by major ISPs for handling large-scale internet traffic because it is highly scalable, flexible, and reliable12. BGP can handle millions of routes and thousands of ASes, and it can support various routing policies and preferences12. BGP also has mechanisms to detect and avoid routing loops, and to recover from network failures12.
• The other options are not suitable for handling large-scale internet traffic across different ASes. RIP (Routing Information Protocol) and EIGRP (Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol) are both Distance Vector protocols, which means they use the number of hops as the metric to find the best route34. They are also Interior Gateway Protocols (IGP), which means they are used to communicate with routers within the same network or AS34. RIP and EIGRP are not scalable or flexible enough to handle the complexity and diversity of the internet34. OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) is a Link State protocol, which means it uses the speed and cost of the links as the metric to find the best route5. It is also an IGP, which means it is used to communicate with routers within the same network or AS5. OSPF is more scalable and flexible than RIP and EIGRP, but it still has limitations in handling large-scale internet traffic across different ASes5. References:
• 1: CompTIA Network+ N10-008 Certification Study Guide, Chapter 3: Routing, Section 3.4: BGP6
• 2: Professor Messer’s CompTIA N10-008 Network+ Course Notes, Page 18: BGP7
• 3: CompTIA Network+ N10-008 Certification Study Guide, Chapter 3: Routing, Section 3.2: RIP and EIGRP6
• 4: Professor Messer’s CompTIA N10-008 Network+ Course Notes, Page 16: RIP and EIGRP7
• 5: CompTIA Network+ N10-008 Certification Study Guide, Chapter 3: Routing, Section 3.3: OSPF6
• 6: CompTIA Network+ N10-008 Certification Study Guide2
• 7: Professor Messer’s CompTIA Network+ N10-008 Training Course5

A reservation for the server based on the MAC address means that the DHCP server will assign a specific IP address to the file server every time it requests one, based on its MAC address. This way, the file server will have a consistent IP address that users can access, without the need to manually configure it or use a separate scope. A reservation also ensures that the IP address of the file server will not be given to any other device by the DHCP server

A water sensor is a type of environmental sensor that detects the presence of water or moisture in an area. A water sensor is most needed in a network main distribution frame (MDF) that is located in a basement near underground fiber-optic cables. A network MDF is a central point where all the network connections converge and where network equipment such as switches and routers are located. If water leaks into the basement and damages the fiber-optic cables or the network equipment, it can cause network outages, performance degradation, or data loss. A water sensor can alert the network administrator of any water intrusion and help prevent or minimize the damage. References: https://www.comptia.org/training/books/network-n10-008-study-guide (page 446)

• SSO stands for Single Sign-On, which is a technology that allows users to log in once and access multiple applications without entering their credentials again1.
• SSO simplifies the user experience and enhances security by reducing password fatigue and enforcing password policies1.
• SSO is an example of an identity and access management (IAM) solution that integrates with different authentication methods and protocols2.
• LDAP, EAP, and TACACS+ are not correct answers because they are not authentication methods that allow access to multiple applications after logging on. They are protocols that facilitate authentication, authorization, and accounting (AAA) functions3.
• LDAP stands for Lightweight Directory Access Protocol, which is a protocol that provides access to directory services that store information about users, groups, and devices3.
• EAP stands for Extensible Authentication Protocol, which is a framework that supports various authentication methods, such as passwords, certificates, tokens, and biometrics3.
• TACACS+ stands for Terminal Access Controller Access-Control System Plus, which is a protocol that provides centralized AAA services for network devices and users3.

References:

• What is SSO? | How single sign-on works
• Single Sign-On - CompTIA Network+ Certification (N10-008): The Total Course
• Network+ (Plus) Certification | CompTIA IT Certifications

A mesh network is the best solution for creating a wireless field network to provide reliable service to public safety vehicles. A mesh network is a type of wireless network that consists of multiple nodes that communicate with each other directly or through intermediate nodes, forming a web-like topology. A mesh network does not rely on a central access point or router, but rather on the cooperation and coordination of the nodes themselves. A mesh network has several advantages for public safety applications, such as12:

• High availability and resilience: A mesh network can automatically route around failures or congestion, ensuring that the network remains operational even if some nodes are damaged or disconnected. A mesh network can also self-heal and self-configure, adapting to changes in the network topology or environment.
• Extended coverage and scalability: A mesh network can extend the wireless signal beyond the range of a single node, by using other nodes as relays or repeaters. A mesh network can also accommodate more nodes and devices, by adding more links and paths between them.
• Low cost and easy deployment: A mesh network can reduce the cost and complexity of installing and maintaining a wireless infrastructure, by eliminating the need for expensive cabling, towers, or antennas. A mesh network can also be deployed quickly and flexibly, by simply adding or removing nodes as needed.

A mesh network is especially suitable for public safety vehicles, because it can provide reliable wireless communication in challenging scenarios, such as12:

• Disaster response: A mesh network can be deployed rapidly in areas where the existing wireless infrastructure is damaged or unavailable, such as after an earthquake, flood, or fire. A mesh network can also support emergency services, such as fire fighting, search and rescue, or medical assistance, by enabling data, voice, and video transmission among the responders and command centers.
• Mobile surveillance: A mesh network can enable real-time monitoring and control of public safety vehicles, such as police cars, ambulances, or drones, by providing high-bandwidth and low-latency wireless connectivity. A mesh network can also support video streaming, location tracking, remote sensing, or analytics applications for public safety purposes.
• Event management: A mesh network can enhance the security and efficiency of large-scale events, such as concerts, festivals, or parades, by providing wireless coverage and capacity for the event organizers and participants. A mesh network can also support crowd management, traffic control, or public announcement applications for event management.

The other options are not the best solutions for creating a wireless field network to provide reliable service to public safety vehicles. An ad hoc network is a type of wireless network that consists of devices that communicate with each other directly without any central coordination or infrastructure. An ad hoc network is simple and flexible, but it has limited scalability and performance3. A point-to-point network is a type of wireless network that consists of two devices that communicate with each other over a single link. A point-to-point network is fast and secure, but it has limited coverage and functionality. An infrastructure network is a type of wireless network that consists of devices that communicate with each other through an access point or router. An infrastructure network is stable and robust, but it has high cost and complexity.

The network administrator would configure scope options to set NTP settings for a specific subnet within DHCP. Scope options are settings that apply to a range of IP addresses that are assigned by a DHCP server. Scope options can include parameters such as default gateway, DNS server, and NTP server. By configuring the NTP server option for a specific scope, the network administrator can ensure that the devices in that subnet synchronize their clocks with the same time source. References: CompTIA Network+ N10-008 Certification Study Guide, page 121; The Official CompTIA Network+ Student Guide (Exam N10-008), page 5-11.

The solution that the security team is implementing to record the actions of potential attackers in an isolated network is a honeypot. A honeypot is a decoy system that simulates a real network or service, but has no actual value or function. A honeypot is designed to attract and trap attackers who try to infiltrate or compromise the network, and then monitor and analyze their behavior and techniques. A honeypot can help the security team learn about the attackers’ motives, methods, and tools, and improve their defense strategies accordingly. References: CompTIA Network+ N10-008 Certification Study Guide, page 358; The Official CompTIA Network+ Student Guide (Exam N10-008), page 14-1.

• The most likely cause of the problem is that the switch port that the new PC is connected to is configured with port security, which is a feature that limits the number of MAC addresses that can be learned on a port.
• Port security can prevent unauthorized devices from accessing the network by either shutting down the port or dropping the traffic from the unknown MAC address.
• Since the existing PC operates normally, it means that its MAC address is already authorized on the switch port, but the new PC’s MAC address is not.
• Therefore, the technician should contact the network team to either disable port security on the switch port or add the new PC’s MAC address to the authorized list.
• This will allow the new PC to get an IP address on the client’s VLAN and access the network resources.
• The other options are not relevant to the situation, as they do not address the root cause of the problem.

References:

• : CompTIA Network+ N10-008 Study Guide, Chapter 3, Section 3.4, “Port Security”, page 147-148.
• : Professor Messer’s CompTIA N10-008 Network+ Course Notes, Section 3.4, “Port Security”, page 30.
• : CompTIA Network+ N10-008 Study Guide, Chapter 2, Section 2.3, “DNS Concepts”, page 79-80.
• : CompTIA Network+ N10-008 Study Guide, Chapter 6, Section 6.2, “SIEM”, page 316-317.
• : CompTIA Network+ N10-008 Study Guide, Chapter 5, Section 5.1, “NetFlow”, page 262-263.

To set up IPv6 addressing that includes the MAC address of each connected machine, the network administrator should implement EUI-64 and SLAAC (Stateless Address Autoconfiguration). EUI-64 is a method used in IPv6 to automatically generate the interface identifier part of the address from the MAC address of the network card, thereby embedding the MAC address in the IPv6 address. SLAAC is a mechanism where a device can assign itself a unique IPv6 address in conjunction with the EUI-64 process, without the need for manual configuration or the necessity of DHCP. These two methods combined enable each device on the network to automatically configure its own IPv6 address that includes its MAC address in a stateless manner​​.

• A /23 subnet mask has 23 bits set to 1 (255.255.254.0).
• The formula to calculate the number of usable host addresses in a subnet is 2^(32 - subnet bits) - 2.
• For a /23 subnet:

References:

• Professor Messer’s Network+ Study Guide
• CompTIA Network+ N10-008 Study Guide

• VLAN hopping is a type of network attack that allows an attacker to access network resources or traffic that belong to a different VLAN than the one the attacker is connected to12.
• VLAN hopping can be performed in two ways: switch spoofing or double tagging12.
• Switch spoofing is when an attacker configures their device to act as a trunk port and negotiates trunking with the switch, allowing the attacker to access all VLANs on the trunk link12.
• Double tagging is when an attacker sends a packet that contains two VLAN tags, one for the attacker’s VLAN and one for the target VLAN. The first tag is stripped off by the switch, and the second tag is forwarded to the target VLAN, bypassing the VLAN isolation12.
• Double tagging is an example of an attack that utilizes a network packet that contains multiple network tags12.
• MAC flooding is a type of network attack that floods the switch’s MAC address table with fake or spoofed MAC addresses, causing the switch to enter a fail-open mode and broadcast all traffic to all ports, allowing the attacker to capture or modify the traffic12. MAC flooding does not involve multiple network tags12.
• DNS spoofing is a type of network attack that alters the DNS records or responses to redirect the user to a malicious website or server, instead of the legitimate one12. DNS spoofing does not involve multiple network tags12.
• ARP poisoning is a type of network attack that sends fake or spoofed ARP messages to associate the attacker’s MAC address with the IP address of another device, such as the gateway or the server, allowing the attacker to intercept or modify the traffic between the devices12. ARP poisoning does not involve multiple network tags12. References:
• 1: CompTIA Network+ N10-008 Exam Cram, 6th Edition, Chapter 7: Network Security Concepts and Tools, p. 318-319
• 2: CompTIA Network+ N10-008 Cert Guide, 1st Edition, Chapter 13: Network Attacks and Mitigation Techniques, p. 615-616