IT-Risk-Fundamentals Exam Dumps - Isaca IT Risk Fundamentals Certificate Questions and Answers

Operationelle Risiken umfassen Verluste, die durch unzureichende oder fehlgeschlagene interne Prozesse, Personen und Systeme oder durch externe Ereignisse verursacht werden. Mitarbeiterfehler und Systemausfälle sind typische Beispiele für operationelle Risiken.

Definition und Kategorien von Risiken:

Operational Risk: Betrifft Verluste aufgrund interner Prozesse oder menschlicher Fehler.

Market Risk: Verluste aufgrund von Marktschwankungen.

Strategic Risk: Verluste aufgrund von Fehlentscheidungen im Management oder strategischen Planungsfehlern.

Beispiele für operationelle Risiken:

Mitarbeiterfehler: Fehlerhafte Dateneingabe, Nichtbeachtung von Arbeitsprozessen.

Systemausfälle: IT-Systemabstürze, Hardware-Fehlfunktionen.

References:

ISA 315: Operational risks and how they are identified and managed within the IT environment​​.

ISO 27001: Information security management systems that include measures for mitigating operational risks.

The best way to minimize potential attack vectors on the enterprise network is to disable any unneeded ports. Here's why:

Implement Network Log Monitoring: This is important for detecting and responding to security incidents but does not directly minimize attack vectors. It helps in identifying attacks that have already penetrated the network.

Disable Any Unneeded Ports: By closing or disabling ports that are not needed, you reduce the number of entry points that an attacker can exploit. Open ports can be potential attack vectors for malicious activities, so minimizing the number of open ports is a direct method to reduce the attack surface.

Provide Annual Cybersecurity Awareness Training: While this is crucial for educating employees and reducing human-related security risks, it does not directly address the technical attack vectors on the network itself.

Therefore, the best method to minimize potential attack vectors is to disable any unneeded ports, as this directly reduces the number of exploitable entry points.

Legacy systems using older technology often suffer from the inability to patch or apply system updates, representing a significant vulnerability. This lack of updates can leave the system exposed to known security vulnerabilities, making it an attractive target for cyberattacks. Additionally, unsupported systems may not receive critical updates necessary for compliance with current security standards and regulations. While rising maintenance costs and lost opportunities are also concerns, the primary vulnerability lies in the system's inability to be updated, which directly impacts its security posture. This issue is highlighted in various IT security frameworks, including ISO 27001 and NIST SP 800-53.

The criticality of an I&T asset is determined by its importance to the business processes it supports. If an asset is essential for a critical business process, it is considered highly critical. The impact of the asset's unavailability on the business process is the key factor.

While asset owners (A) are important for accountability, the business process is what drives criticality. The infrastructure (C) is relevant for security considerations, but the business process determines criticality.

The primary reason for the implementation of additional security controls is to manage risk to acceptable tolerance levels. Here’s the explanation:

Avoid the Risk of Regulatory Noncompliance: While compliance is important, the primary driver of security controls is broader than just compliance. It is about managing overall risk, which includes but is not limited to regulatory requirements.

Adhere to Local Data Protection Laws: This is a specific aspect of risk management related to compliance. However, the broader goal of implementing security controls is to address a wide range of risks, not just those related to legal compliance.

Manage Risk to Acceptable Tolerance Levels: The fundamental purpose of implementing additional security controls is to ensure that risks are reduced to levels that are acceptable to the organization. This encompasses regulatory compliance, data protection, operational continuity, and overall security posture.

Therefore, the primary reason is to manage risk to acceptable tolerance levels.

References:

ISA 315 Anlage 5 and 6: Detailed guidelines on preventive, corrective, and detective controls, as well as risk management strategies​​​​.

ISO-27001 and GoBD standards for risk management and the implementation of security controls​​​​.

These references provide a comprehensive understanding of the principles and methodologies involved in IT risk and audit processes.

Ein Exploit-Ereignis tritt auf, wenn ein Angreifer eine Schwachstelle ausnutzt, um unbefugten Zugang zu einem System zu erlangen oder es zu kompromittieren. Dies ist ein grundlegender Begriff in der IT-Sicherheit. Wenn ein Angreifer eine bekannte oder unbekannte Schwachstelle in einer Software, Hardware oder einem Netzwerkprotokoll erkennt und ausnutzt, wird dies als Exploit bezeichnet.

Definition und Bedeutung:

Ein Exploit ist eine Methode oder Technik, die verwendet wird, um Schwachstellen in einem System auszunutzen.

Schwachstellen können Softwarefehler, Fehlkonfigurationen oder Sicherheitslücken sein.

Ablauf eines Exploit-Ereignisses:

Identifizierung der Schwachstelle: Der Angreifer entdeckt eine Schwachstelle in einem System.

Entwicklung des Exploits: Der Angreifer entwickelt oder verwendet ein bestehendes Tool, um die Schwachstelle auszunutzen.

Durchführung des Angriffs: Der Exploit wird durchgeführt, um unautorisierten Zugang zu erlangen oder Schaden zu verursachen.

References:

ISA 315: Generelle IT-Kontrollen und die Notwendigkeit, Risiken aus dem IT-Einsatz zu identifizieren und zu behandeln​​.

IDW PS 951: IT-Risiken und Kontrollen im Rahmen der Jahresabschlussprüfung, die die Notwendigkeit von Kontrollen zur Identifizierung und Bewertung von Schwachstellen unterstreicht.

 Risk Response Process Steps:

The risk response process typically involves several key steps: analyzing risk response options, prioritizing risk responses, and developing risk response plans.

Analyzing risk response options occurs earliest because it involves evaluating the various ways to address identified risks.

 Step-by-Step Process:

Analyzing Risk Response Options: This is the initial step where different potential responses to the identified risks are considered. Options may include risk acceptance, avoidance, mitigation, or transfer.

Prioritizing Risk Responses: After analyzing the options, the next step is to prioritize them based on factors such as impact, likelihood, and the cost of implementation.

Developing Risk Response Plans: Finally, detailed plans are created for the prioritized risk responses, outlining the specific actions to be taken, resources required, and timelines.

 References:

ISA 315 (Revised 2019), Anlage 5 provides a framework for understanding the components of risk management, including the evaluation and selection of appropriate risk responses​​.

Unternehmensstandards dienen als Mittel zur Umsetzung von Richtlinien. Sie legen spezifische Anforderungen und Verfahren fest, die sicherstellen, dass die Unternehmensrichtlinien eingehalten werden.

Definition und Bedeutung von Standards:

Enterprise Standards: Dokumentierte, detaillierte Anweisungen, die die Umsetzung von Richtlinien unterstützen.

Implementierung von Richtlinien: Standards helfen dabei, die abstrakten Richtlinien in konkrete, umsetzbare Maßnahmen zu überführen.

Beispiele und Anwendung:

IT-Sicherheitsstandards: Definieren spezifische Sicherheitsanforderungen, die zur Einhaltung der übergeordneten IT-Sicherheitsrichtlinien erforderlich sind.

Compliance-Standards: Stellen sicher, dass gesetzliche und regulatorische Anforderungen eingehalten werden.

References:

ISA 315: Role of IT controls and standards in implementing organizational policies​​​​.

ISO 27001: Establishing standards for information security management to support policy implementation.

The objective of a frequency analysis is to determine how often a particular risk scenario might be expected to occur during a specified period of time. Here’s the explanation:

To Determine How Often Risk Mitigation Strategies Should Be Evaluated and Updated Within a Specific Timeframe: This pertains to the management and updating of mitigation strategies, not the core purpose of frequency analysis.

To Determine How Many Risk Scenarios Will Impact Business Objectives Over a Given Period of Time: This relates to impact analysis rather than frequency analysis. Frequency analysis focuses on the likelihood of specific events.

To Determine How Often a Particular Risk Scenario Might Be Expected to Occur During a Specified Period of Time: This is the primary objective of frequency analysis. It involves calculating the probability of specific risk events occurring within a certain timeframe, helping organizations understand and prepare for potential occurrences.

Therefore, the main objective of frequency analysis is to determine the expected occurrence rate of specific risk scenarios within a given period.

References:

ISA 315 Anlage 5 and 6: Detailed guidelines on risk assessment and analysis methodologies​​​​.

ISO-27001 and GoBD standards for risk management and business impact analysis​​​​.

These references provide a comprehensive understanding of the principles and methodologies involved in IT risk and audit processes.

The most important factor when developing KRIs is that each KRI is linked to a specific risk event. KRIs are designed to provide early warning signs of a particular risk event occurring. If they are not linked to specific events, they lose their value as indicators.

While KRIs should be reportable on a dashboard (A), that's a secondary consideration. While some KRIs might apply to multiple events (B), the primary focus is on specific links.