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 The role that the CIO has a primary obligation to work with in order to ensure proper protection of data during and after the cloud migration is the Chief Information Security Officer (CISO). The CISO is the senior executive who is responsible for establishing, implementing, and maintaining the information security strategy, policies, and programs of the organization, and for ensuring the alignment and integration of the information security objectives and activities with the business goals and operations of the organization. The CISO is the role that the CIO has a primary obligation to work with in order to ensure proper protection of data during and after the cloud migration, as the CISO can provide the leadership, guidance, and expertise for the information security aspects of the cloud migration, such as the risk assessment, the security controls, the compliance requirements, the incident response, and the security monitoring of the cloud services . References: [CISSP CBK, Fifth Edition, Chapter 1, page 28]; [100 CISSP Questions, Answers and Explanations, Question 20].

WPA2 is a security protocol that encrypts the data sent over wireless networks. It provides stronger protection than WEP or WPA, which are older and weaker protocols. WPA2 prevents unauthorized access to the wireless network and ensures the confidentiality of the information transmitted. Configuring the APs to use WPA2 is a logical control that can reduce the risk of wireless eavesdropping or interception outside the campus area. References: CISSP All-in-One Exam Guide, Eighth Edition, Chapter 5: Communication and Network Security, page 237. CISSP Practice Exam Questions and Answers in 2023, Question 14.

 The best way to protect an organization’s data assets is to encrypt data in transit and at rest using up-to-date cryptographic algorithms. Encryption is a process of transforming data into an unintelligible form using a secret key, so that only authorized parties can access or modify the data. Encryption can protect data in transit, which is data that is moving across a network or a communication channel, from eavesdropping, interception, or modification. Encryption can also protect data at rest, which is data that is stored on a device or a media, from unauthorized access, theft, or loss. Encryption should use up-to-date cryptographic algorithms, such as AES, RSA, or SHA, that are proven to be secure and resistant to attacks. Monitoring and enforcing adherence to security policies is a good practice, but it may not be sufficient to protect data assets from internal or external threats. Creating the DMZ with proxies, firewalls, and hardened bastion hosts is a way to isolate and protect the network perimeter, but it may not protect data assets that are inside or outside the network. Requiring MFA and SoD is a way to enhance the identity and access management, but it may not protect data assets from unauthorized disclosure or modification. References: CISSP All-in-One Exam Guide, Eighth Edition, Chapter 5: Cryptography and Symmetric Key Algorithms, page 331.

Federated identity is a mechanism that allows users to use a single identity across multiple systems or organizations, without requiring the creation or management of separate accounts for each system or organization. Federated identity relies on trust relationships between the identity providers (IdPs) and the service providers (SPs) that participate in the federation. The IdPs are responsible for authenticating the users and issuing security tokens that contain identity attributes or claims. The SPs are responsible for validating the security tokens and granting access to the users based on the identity attributes or claims. Federated identity enables users to have a seamless and consistent user experience, while reducing the administrative overhead and security risks associated with multiple accounts. Federated identity also supports the principle of data minimization, as the IdPs only share the necessary identity attributes or claims with the SPs, and the SPs do not store any user identity information. Federated identity is often implemented using standards such as Security Assertion Markup Language (SAML), OpenID Connect, or OAuth. References: CISSP All-in-One Exam Guide, Eighth Edition, Chapter 5: Identity and Access Management, page 295. Official (ISC)² CISSP CBK Reference, Fifth Edition, Domain 5: Identity and Access Management (IAM), page 609.