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The minimum width of a doorway in a means of egress to accommodate a person in a wheelchair is 32 inches (813 mm).This is based on the requirements of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) and the International Building Code (IBC), which both specify that doors in a path of egress and doors on an accessible route must have a clear opening width of at least 32 inches (813 mm)12. This width allows enough space for a person in a wheelchair to maneuver through the doorway without difficulty. A wider doorway may be preferable for some types of wheelchairs or other assistive devices, but 32 inches (813 mm) is the minimum standard for accessibility and safety.References:DECODED: Calculating the Egress Width of Door Openings - I Dig Hardware;Digital Codes.

Fire pump

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Typical fire pump drivers reach maximum brake horsepower (BHP) between 140% and 170% of rated capacity, depending on the type and size of the pump. This means that the driver must be able to provide enough power to operate the pump at its peak efficiency point, which is usually beyond the rated capacity. The rated capacity is the flow rate at which the pump is designed to deliver a certain pressure, as specified by NFPA 20, Standard for the Installation of Stationary Pumps for Fire Protection. The maximum BHP is the highest power output required by the pump at any point on its performancecurve. The driver must be sized to match the maximum BHP of the pump, with some allowance for service factor and safety margin.References:Understanding the Basics of Fire Pumps | Pumps & Systems;How are Engines and Motors Sized for Fire Pumps?; NFPA 20, Standard for the Installation of Stationary Pumps for Fire Protection, 2023 Edition, Chapter 4, Section 4.7.

Spontaneous combustion is the exception to the requirement of a combustible material, an oxidizing agent, and an ignition source for combustion to take place. Spontaneous combustion is a phenomenon in which a material can ignite without any external heat or flame, due to a chemical reaction within the material that generates enough heat to reach the ignition temperature. Spontaneous combustion can occur in certain materials that are prone to self-heating, such as oily rags, hay, coal, and compost. Spontaneous combustion is a type of smoldering combustion, which is a slow, low-temperature, flameless form of combustion.References:

• Fire Protection Handbook, 20th Edition, Volume 1, Chapter 2, Section 2.2.1.11
• NFPA 921: Guide for Fire and Explosion Investigations, 2021 Edition, Section 4.3.12

A proprietary fire alarm system is a type of fire alarm system that transmits signals that are permanently recorded at a constantly attended supervising station located either at the protected premises or at another location of the property owner. A proprietary fire alarm system is owned and operated by the property owner or the owner’s agent. A proprietary fire alarm system is intended to provide fire alarm service to a single property or a campus of related properties.References:

• NFPA 72: National Fire Alarm and Signaling Code, 2019 Edition, Section 3.3.105.11
• Fire Protection Handbook, 20th Edition, Volume 1, Chapter 7, Section 7.2.1.12