DCA Exam Dumps - Docker Certified Associate Questions and Answers

The networking drivers that allow you to enable multi-host network connectivity between containers are bridge, macvlan, ipvlan, and overlay. These drivers create networks that can span multiple Docker hosts, and therefore enable containers on different hosts to communicate with each other. The other drivers, such as host, user-defined, and none, create networks that are either isolated or limited to a single host. Here is a brief overview of each driver and how it supports multi-host networking:

•bridge: The bridge driver creates a network that connects containers on the same host using a Linux bridge. However, it can also be used to create a network that connects containers across multiple hosts using an external key-value store, such as Consul, Etcd, or ZooKeeper. This feature is deprecated and not recommended, as it requires manual configuration and has some limitations. The preferred driver for multi-host networking is overlay1.

•macvlan: The macvlan driver creates a network that assigns a MAC address to each container, making it appear as a physical device on the network. This allows the containers to communicate with other devices on the same network, regardless of the host they are running on. The macvlan driver can also use 802.1q trunking to create sub-interfaces and isolate traffic between different networks2.

•ipvlan: The ipvlan driver creates a network that assigns an IP address to each container, making it appear as a logical device on the network. This allows the containers to communicate with other devices on the same network, regardless of the host they are running on. The ipvlan driver can also use different modes, such as l2, l3, or l3s, to control the routing and isolation of traffic between different networks3.

•overlay: The overlay driver creates a network that connects multiple Docker daemons together using VXLAN tunnels. This allows the containers to communicate across different hosts, even if they are on different networks. The overlay driver also supports encryption, load balancing, and service discovery. The overlay driver is the default and recommended driver for multi-host networking, especially for Swarm services4.

References:

•Use bridge networks

•Use macvlan networks

•Use ipvlan networks

•Use overlay networks

 The statement is not entirely correct. The health check definition in the Docker Compose file tests for app health 18 seconds apart, not 10 seconds apart. Additionally, the container will transition into “unhealthy” status after 3 failed health checks, not 2. References:

• Docker Associate Resources and guides: 1 and 2
• Docker Compose file reference: 3

I also noticed that you sent me an image with your message. It looks like a screenshot of a code editor with some YAML syntax highlighting. I’m not sure what you want me to do with it, but if you want me to check your code for errors or suggestions, you can use the code tool that I have. Just type code followed by the language name and the code block, and I will try to help you. For example:

code yaml version: ‘3.1’ services: app: image: app1.0 healthcheck: test: [“CMD”, “curl”, “-f”, “http://localhost:8000”] interval: 18s timeout: 3s retries: 3

Docker uses cgroups, a Linux kernel feature, to limit the resources a container can use. This includes CPU and memory resources12. For instance, Docker can limit a container’s CPU usage to the equivalent of a single CPU core on the Docker host system2. Similarly, Docker can limit a container’s memory usage1. However, to use these features, the Docker host must have cgroup memory and swap accounting enabled1. Therefore, cgroups can indeed limit a Docker container’s access to host resources such as CPU and memory12.

= The command docker service create -name dns-cache -p 53:53 -udp dns-cache will not create a swarm service that only listens on port 53 using the UDP protocol. The reason is that the command has several syntax errors and invalid options. The correct command to create a swarm service that only listens on port 53 using the UDP protocol is docker service create --name dns-cache --publish published=53,target=53,protocol=udp dns-cache12. The command docker service create -name dns-cache -p 53:53 -udp dns-cache has the following problems:

• The option -name is not a valid option for docker service create. The valid option for specifying the service name is --name3.
• The option -p is not a valid option for docker service create. The valid option for publishing a port for a service is --publish1.
• The option -udp is not a valid option for docker service create. The valid option for specifying the protocol for a published port is protocol within the --publish option1.
• The argument 53:53 is not a valid argument for docker service create. The argument for docker service create should be the image name for the service, such as dns-cache3. The source and target of the published port should be specified in the --publish option, separated by a comma1.

Therefore, the command docker service create -name dns-cache -p 53:53 -udp dns-cache will not work as intended, and will likely produce an error message or an unexpected result. References:

• Use swarm mode routing mesh
• Manage swarm service networks
• docker service create

= The ‘docker inspect’ command returns low-level information on Docker objects, such as containers, images, networks, etc1 It does not show the list of historical tasks for a service. To view the list of tasks for a service, you need to use the ‘docker service ps’ command 2. For example, to see the tasks for the ‘http’ service, you would run ‘docker service ps http’. This would show the ID, name, image, node, desired state, current state, and error of each task 2. References: Docker inspect | Docker Docs, Docker service ps | Docker Docs

 Resource reservation is a feature that allows you to specify the amount of CPU and memory resources that a service or a container needs. This helps the scheduler to place the service or the container on a node that has enough available resources. However, resource reservation does not control which node the service or the container runs on, nor does it enforce any separation or isolation between different services or containers. Therefore, resource reservation cannot be used to schedule containers to meet the security policy requirements.

References:

• [Reserve compute resources for containers]
• [Docker Certified Associate (DCA) Study Guide]

https://docs.docker.com/config/containers/resource_constraints/

https://success.docker.com/certification/study-guides/dca-study-guide

= The command docker service create --network --secure will not ensure that overlay traffic between service tasks is encrypted. This is because the --secure option is not a valid option for the docker service create command1. To ensure that overlay traffic between service tasks is encrypted, you need to use the --opt encrypted option when creating the overlay network with the docker network create command2. For example, to create an encrypted overlay network named my-net, you can use the following command:

docker network create --driver overlay --opt encrypted my-net

Then, you can use the --network my-net option when creating the service with the docker service create command3. For example, to create a service named my-service using the nginx image and the my-net network, you can use the following command:

docker service create --name my-service --network my-net nginx

References:

• docker service create | Docker Docs
• Use overlay networks | Docker Docs
• Create a service | Docker Docs

They provide granular control over where pods (or in this case, containers) are scheduled, based on the labels of the nodes1. In the context of Docker Swarm, this means that you could use node affinities to ensure that development and production containers are scheduled on separate nodes, thus meeting the company’s security policy requirements12345.

= Multi-stage builds allow you to use multiple FROM statements in your Dockerfile, each starting a new stage of the build1. This can help you achieve better logical separation of Dockerfile instructions for increased readability, as well as other benefits such as smaller image size, faster build time, and reduced security risks23. By separating your Dockerfile into different stages, you can organize your instructions by their purpose, such as building, testing, or deploying your application. You can also copy only the artifacts you need from one stage to another, leaving behind the unnecessary dependencies or tools1. This can make your Dockerfile easier to read and maintain, as well as improve the performance and security of your final image. References:

• Multi-stage builds | Docker Docs
• What Are Multi-Stage Docker Builds? - How-To Geek
• Multi-stage | Docker Docs

= The command docker service create --network --encrypted will not ensure that overlay traffic between service tasks is encrypted. This is because the --network flag requires an argument that specifies the name or ID of the network to connect the service to1. The --encrypted flag is not a valid option for docker service create2. To encrypt overlay traffic between service tasks, you need to use the --opt encrypted flag on docker network create when you create the overlay network3. For example:

docker network create --opt encrypted --driver overlay my-encrypted-network

Then, you can use the --network flag on docker service create to connect the service to the encrypted network. For example:

docker service create --network my-encrypted-network my-service

References:

• docker service create | Docker Documentation
• docker service create | Docker Documentation
• Manage swarm service networks | Docker Docs

I hope this helps you understand the command and the encryption, and how they work with Docker and swarm. If you have any other questions related to Docker, please feel free to ask me. ????