CWISA-102 Exam Dumps - CWNP Certification Questions and Answers

• BLE Beacon Power Efficiency: Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) beacons are designed for low power consumption. Their primary function is to periodically broadcast short data packets (advertising their presence).
• Other Technologies:

• PtMP (Point-to-Multipoint): A single access point (AP) communicates with multiple client devices. This means the AP needs to manage how the available airtime is shared among those clients.
• Airtime Fairness: Mechanisms are needed to ensure that:
• PtP (Point-to-Point): A dedicated link only has two devices, eliminating the need for complex airtime management.
• Considerations in Both: While interference, SINR, and frequency selection are important in both PtMP and PtP systems, the need for airtime management is unique to the multipoint scenario.

References:

• Wireless Network Topologies (PtP vs. PtMP): Explanations of the differences in how communication is managed in each scenario.
• TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access): A common airtime sharing method used in PtMP systems.

• RFID for Livestock: Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tags are the most widely used technology for livestock tracking and individual identification on large farms.
• Benefits:

References

• RFID (General): https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio-frequency_identification

• Authentication: Verifying "who" the user or device is (e.g., via passwords, certificates).
• Authorization: Controlling "what" a user or device can do once authenticated (e.g., read-only vs. read/write permissions).
• Combined for Security: Both are essential. Authentication alone doesn't control access levels, and authorization without verification is meaningless.

References:

• Identity and Access Management (IAM): Articles and resources outlining the core principles of authentication and authorization.
• Cybersecurity Best Practices: Guides on securing systems will often emphasize the need for both authentication and authorization controls.

• Cloud Connectivity Relies on IP: Most cloud-based services operate via the internet, which utilizes Internet Protocol (IP) at Layer 3 of the network model.
• Flexibility: Various Layer 2 technologies (Ethernet, Wi-Fi) can connect to a Layer 3 network that ultimately provides Internet access
• BLE Exception: Bluetooth Low Energy can have cloud connectivity, but often through gateways and not as a direct Layer 2 connection.
• Eliminating Incorrect Options: IPX/SPX is an outdated protocol, and cellular is only one possible way to achieve Internet access.

References:

• OSI Model: Descriptions of Network Layers, especially Layer 2 (Data Link) and Layer 3 (Network).
• Cloud Architecture: Diagrams showing how devices commonly access cloud resources through internet-based infrastructures.

• IEEE's Role: The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) is a global organization critical in developing and promoting technical standards across various fields, including wireless technologies.
• Standards Work: IEEE creates wireless technology standards like:

References

• IEEE: https://www.ieee.org/

• Most Vulnerable In Transit: Sensitive data (passwords, health information, etc.) is most susceptible to interception while being sent over a wireless network. Encryption is crucial at this stage.
• Encryption at Rest and in Memory: While also important, these are often handled with different cryptographic techniques depending on the system.

References:

• Wireless Security Protocols: Details on encryption standards like WPA2/WPA3, TLS that focus on protecting data during transmission.

• Free Space Path Loss (FSPL): Describes how a radio signal weakens as it travels through open space, even without obstacles. It's caused by the signal spreading out, resulting in decreased power density at the receiver.
• Calculation: FSPL depends on distance and frequency.

References

• Free Space Path Loss: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free-space_path_loss

• Requirements Drive Decisions: The decision between wired or wireless must align with the solution's overall purpose, performance targets, and operational constraints.
• Key Considerations:
• Other Factors are Important, But Secondary: Distance, PoE availability, specific applications all matter, but they are assessed within the context of the overarching business needs.

References:

• Wireless vs. Wired Network Design: Comparisons of pros and cons, highlighting how use cases guide the choice.
• IoT Solution Planning: Materials on defining requirements before selecting technology.

• WWAN (Wide-Area Wireless Network): WWANs provide connectivity over extensive geographic areas, typically covering regions or even entire countries.
• Cellular Technology: WWANs often rely on cellular networks (3G, 4G, 5G) offered by mobile carriers.

References

• WWAN: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless_wide_area_network