CDPSE Exam Dumps - Isaca Certification Questions and Answers

A privacy impact assessment (PIA) is a process of analyzing the potential privacy risks and impacts of collecting, using, and disclosing personal data. A PIA should be conducted when there is a change in the data processing activities that may affect the privacy of individuals or the compliance with data protection laws and regulations. One of the scenarios that should trigger the completion of a PIA is when there are new inter-organizational data flows, which means that personal data is shared or transferred between different entities or jurisdictions. This may introduce new privacy risks, such as unauthorized access, misuse, or breach of data, as well as new legal obligations, such as obtaining consent, ensuring adequate safeguards, or notifying authorities.

Differential privacy provides mathematically provable protection against re-identification and linkage, adding calibrated noise to outputs so individuals cannot be singled out or linked. Pseudonymization (C) and masking (D) reduce direct identifiers but remain vulnerable to linkage attacks. Secure multiparty computation (B) protects computation among parties, not release-time linkability.

“Differential privacy limits what can be learned about any individual from query results, resisting re-identification/linkage.”

The best indication of a highly effective privacy training program is that members of the workforce understand their roles in protecting data privacy, because this shows that the training program has successfully raised the awareness and knowledge of the workforce on the importance, principles and practices of data privacy, and how they can contribute to the organization’s privacy objectives and compliance. According to ISACA, one of the key elements of a privacy training program is to define and communicate the roles and responsibilities of the workforce in relation to data privacy1. Members of the workforce who understand their roles in protecting data privacy are more likely to follow the privacy policies and procedures, report any privacy incidents or issues, and support the privacy culture of the organization2. Recent audits have no findings or recommendations related to data privacy, no privacy incidents have been reported in the last year, and HR has made privacy training an annual mandate for the organization are not as reliable as members of the workforce understand their roles in protecting data privacy, as they do not necessarily reflect the effectiveness of the privacy training program, but rather the performance of other factors such as audit processes, incident management systems, or HR policies.

The use of personal data in model training is the primary privacy risk with LLMs, since once trained, models may retain, reproduce, or infer personal data without proper controls. Hallucinations (B), expertise shortages (C), and interoperability issues (D) are operational or performance risks, but not privacy risks.

“Training models on personal data can result in unintended retention, exposure, or disclosure of sensitive information.”

The data owner is the person or entity who has the ultimate authority and responsibility for the protection of personal data collected by an organization. The data owner defines the purpose, scope, classification, and retention of the personal data, as well as the rights and obligations of the data subjects and other parties involved in the data processing. The data owner also ensures that the personal data is handled in compliance with the applicable privacy laws and regulations, as well as the organization’s privacy policies and standards. The data owner may delegate some of the operational tasks to the data processor, data custodian, or data protection officer, but the accountability remains with the data owner.

A data inventory is a comprehensive list of the data that an organization collects, processes, stores, transfers, and disposes of. It includes information such as the type, source, location, owner, purpose, and retention period of the data. A data inventory is essential for understanding where personal data is coming from and how it is used within the organization, as well as for complying with data privacy laws and regulations. A data inventory also helps to identify and mitigate data privacy risks and gaps.

Before using data from the organization’s customer database for a new marketing application, the first step should be to determine what data is required by the application and for what purpose. This will help to ensure that the data collection and processing are relevant, necessary, and proportionate to the intended use, and that the data minimization principle is followed. Data minimization means that only the minimum amount of personal data needed to achieve a specific purpose should be collected and processed, and that any excess or irrelevant data should be deleted or anonymized1. This will also help to comply with the data privacy laws and regulations that apply to the organization, such as the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) or the California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA), which require organizations to inform data subjects about the types and purposes of data processing, and to obtain their consent if needed23.

A third-party privacy control assessment is an independent and objective evaluation of the design and effectiveness of the privacy controls implemented by an organization to protect personal data and comply with privacy laws and regulations. A third-party privacy control assessment can help senior management to verify the success of its commitment to privacy by design, by providing the following benefits:

It can measure the extent to which the organization has adopted and integrated the principles and practices of privacy by design throughout its products, services, processes and systems.

It can identify the strengths and weaknesses of the organization’s privacy governance, policies, procedures, standards and guidelines, and provide recommendations for improvement.

It can validate the organization’s compliance with the applicable privacy requirements and expectations of its customers, stakeholders, regulators and auditors.

It can enhance the organization’s reputation and trustworthiness as a responsible and transparent data controller and processor.

The other options are less effective or irrelevant for verifying the success of the commitment to privacy by design. Reviewing the findings of an industry benchmarking assessment may provide some insights into how the organization compares with its peers or competitors in terms of privacy performance, but it may not reflect the specific privacy goals, risks and challenges of the organization. Identifying trends in the organization’s amount of compromised personal data or number of privacy incidents may indicate some aspects of the organization’s privacy maturity, but they are reactive and lagging indicators that do not capture the proactive and preventive nature of privacy by design. Moreover, these metrics may not account for other factors that may influence the occurrence or impact of data breaches or privacy violations, such as external threats, human errors or environmental changes.

Beacons use Bluetooth low-energy (BLE) wireless technology to transmit information to nearby devices that have Bluetooth enabled. By disabling Bluetooth services on the mobile device, the user can prevent beacons from detecting and tracking their location and sending them unwanted messages or advertisements. This can help protect the user’s privacy and avoid potential security risks from malicious beacons. Disabling location services, enabling Trojan scanners, or enabling antivirus for mobile devices are not effective ways to address threats to mobile device privacy when using beacons as a tracking technology, because they do not prevent the communication between beacons and the mobile device.