C_TS422_2022 Exam Dumps - SAP Certified Application Associate Questions and Answers

A multiple bill of material (BOM) is a type of BOM that allows for different combinations ofcomponents or raw materials for the same assembly or subassembly. The reason for different combinations of components in a multiple BOM could be the manufacturing date or the lot size. The manufacturing date determines the validity period of the BOM, which means that different BOMs can be valid for different time intervals. For example, a BOM can be changed due to a design modification or a change in the availability of components. The lot size determines the quantity-dependent explosion of the BOM, which means that different BOMs can be used for different production quantities. For example, a BOM can be optimized for different batch sizes or different production methods. References: Multiple BOM, BOM Explosion

A reporting point confirmation is a function that allows you to backflush the material components and activities that have been consumed and performed at a specific operation in a repetitive manufacturing process. It also reduces the dependent requirements for the planned orders. You can use reporting point confirmation for the following purposes:

• To determine the work in progress (WIP) along the production line, by posting the quantity that is on the production line at each reporting point. This helps you to calculate the volume and value of unfinished products.
• To provide timely updates of inventory management for the staged components, by recording the withdrawal of components at a time that is close to the time of the operation in which they are used. This helps you to avoid discrepancies between the actual and planned consumption of materials. References: Reporting Point Confirmation, Repetitive Manufacturing Confirmation

The difference between co-products and by-products is mainly in how they are accounted for in the production process. Co-products are products that have a relatively high salesvalue and are produced simultaneously from the same production process. By-products are products that have a relatively low sales value and are produced as a side effect of the main product. The following points explain the difference between them:

• Only co-products are identified by a special item category in the bill of material (BOM). This item category is L (Co-product) and it indicates that the component is a co-product that shares the joint costs of the production process with the main product and other co-products. By-products do not have a special item category in the BOM. They are usually entered with a negative quantity and a negative item category, such as N (By-product)12.
• Only co-products can be manufactured in isolation from the main product. This means that co-products can be produced independently from the main product if there is a demand for them. By-products cannot be manufactured in isolation from the main product. They are always produced as a result of the main product3 .
• Only co-products have a zero inventory valuation. This means that co-products do not have a price in the material master and their inventory value is calculated based on the apportionment of the joint costs of the production process. By-products have a fixed inventory valuation based on the price specified by the price control in the material master. Their inventory value does not depend on the production process12.
• Only co-products appear in the process or production order settlement rule. This means that co-products are settled to different receivers, such as sales orders, cost centers, or profitability segments, based on the apportionment structure defined in the material master of the leading co-product. By-products do not appear in the settlement rule. They are credited to the production order and reduce the total costs of the process12.

References:

• 1: SAP Help Portal: Co- and By-Products
• 2: SAP S/4HANA Production Planning and Manufacturing Certification Guide, Chapter 8: Product Compliance
• 3: SAP Co-Products and By-Products Tutorial - Free SAP PP Training - ERProof3
• : Co-Product and By-product in Production order | SAP Blogs2

The system checks the master data selection settings during the creation of planned orders and production orders in the following places:

• In the bill of material (BOM), the system checks the selection ID, which determines which alternative BOM is selected for the material. The selection ID can be maintained in the material master or in the production version.
• In the routing, the system checks the selection ID, which determines which alternative routing is selected for the material. The selection ID can be maintained in the material master or in the production version.
• In the production version, the system checks the validity period, the lot size, and the selection profile, which determine whether the production version is valid and applicable for the material. The production version combines the BOM and the routing for a material and can be maintained in the material master or in the production version master data. References: SAP S/4HANA Manufacturing for Planning & Scheduling - Implementation Guide, page 16; [SAP S/4HANA Production Planning and Manufacturing Certification Guide], page 75.

 If the operation of a production order is dispatched, the DSPT Dispatched status is set for the operation. This means that the operation has been assigned to a resource and scheduled with a start and end date and time. The options to reschedule the operation are as follows:

• You can reschedule the operation using finite scheduling in a planning table. Finite scheduling considers the capacity availability of the resources and the dependencies between the operations. You can use the planning table to manually drag and drop the operation to a different time slot or resource, or use the automatic dispatching function to optimize the scheduling of the operation. Finite scheduling updates the DSPT status and the dates and times of the operation.
• You can reschedule the operation in the Manage Production Operations app. This app allows you to view and edit the production orders and operations in SAP S/4HANA. You can change the start and end date and time of the operation, as well as the resource, in the app. However, the app does not check the capacity availability of the resources or the dependencies between the operations. Therefore, you need to ensure that the changes are feasible and consistent. The app updates the DSPT status and the dates and times of the operation. References: Identifying the Basic Principles and Tools of Capacity Planning; SAP Help Portal

The Advanced Planning flag is a field that indicates whether a data object is relevant for planning with Production Planning and Detailed Scheduling (PP/DS) in SAP S/4HANA. PP/DS is a component of Advanced Planning that provides more precise and flexible planning capabilities for critical products and resources. You can set the Advanced Planning flag for the following data objects:

• Work Center: This is a master data object that represents a location where operations are performed. A work center can have different capacities, such as machine, labor, or power, that are used for scheduling and capacity planning. You can set the Advanced Planning flag for a work center to enable it for PP/DS planning. This means that the work center can be used as a resource in PP/DS and its capacity can be optimized by PP/DS heuristics or optimization tools.
• Material: This is a master data object that represents a product or a component that is produced, procured, or consumed in a business process. A material can have different views, such as basic data, MRP, sales, or production, that contain different attributes and parameters for planning and execution. You can set the Advanced Planning flag for a material to enable it for PP/DS planning. This means that the material can be planned with exact times and quantities in PP/DS and its availability can be checked by PP/DS pegging.

The production version (B) and the plant (D) are not data objects that can have the Advanced Planning flag. The production version is a master data object that defines the combination of a bill of material (BOM) and a routing or a production process model (PPM) for a material. The production version does not have a separate flag for PP/DS, but it inherits the flag from the material and the work center. The plant is an organizational unit that represents a physical location where materials are produced or stored. The plant does not have a flag for PP/DS, but it is assigned to a location in PP/DS that represents the geographical or logical grouping of plants for planning purposes. References:https://blogs.sap.com/2018/02/12/ppds-for-sap-s4hana-advanced-planning-a-powerful-planning-and-scheduling-tool/

https://learning.sap.com/learning-journeys/explore-integrated-business-processes-in-sap-s-4hana-/advanced-planning_ae824eb6-4bf8-4720-a48f-ba86929a14de

A routing operation is a step in the production process that defines the work center, the duration, and the sequence of the operation. A routing operation consists of several time elements that are used to calculate the operation start and finish dates, as well as the capacity requirements. The time elements that are part of a routing operation are:

• Move time: The time required to move the material from one work center to another, or from the storage location to the work center.
• Setup time: The time required to prepare the work center for the operation, such as changing tools, adjusting machines, or cleaning the work area.
• Processing time: The time required to perform the operation, such as machining, assembling, or testing the product.
• Teardown time: The time required to restore the work center to its original state after the operation, such as removing tools, resetting machines, or disposing of waste.
• Queue time: The time that the material waits at the work center before the operation starts, due to the work center being occupied by another operation or having a fixed start date.

The pick/pack time and the float before production are not part of a routing operation. The pick/pack time is the time required to pick the material from the storage location and pack it for delivery, which is usually part of the outbound logistics process. The float before production is the time buffer before the scheduled start date of the production order, which can be used to compensate for delays or changes in the production plan.

References: [Production Planning with SAP S/4HANA], pages 177-179; [SAP Help Portal: Routing Operation].

A reduction strategy is a method of shortening the lead time of an order by reducingcertain time elements in the order scheduling1. The time elements that can be reduced by a reduction strategy are move time, wait time, and queue time2. Move time is the time required to move a material from one operation to another. Wait time is the time between the end of an operation and the start of the next operation. Queue time is the time before an operation can start at a work center due to the work center’s capacity utilization3. These time elements can be reduced by a percentage or a fixed value in the reduction strategy. References: 1: Reduction Strategy | SAP Help Portal(https://blog.sap-press.com/4-strategies-for-make-to-stock-production-with-sap-s4hana) 2: 4 Strategies for Make-to-Stock Production with SAP S/4HANA(https://blogs.sap.com/2022/03/22/highlights-for-manufacturing-in-sap-s-4hana-2021-part-2-production-planning-engineering-operations/) 3: Scheduling | SAP Help Portal(https://blogs.sap.com/2022/04/26/manufacturing-in-sap-s-4hana-cloud-planning-strategies/).

 The time element of midpoint scheduled operations that can be reduced by reduction strategy settings while dispatching are teardown time and setup time. Teardown time is the time required to dismantle the production equipment after the operation is completed. Setup time is the time required to prepare the production equipment before the operation is started. Both teardown time and setup time can be influenced by the reduction strategy settings, which define the percentage of reduction and the minimum duration for each time element. The reduction strategy settings can be maintained in the work center or the routing. The system applies the reduction strategy settings when dispatching the operations to the resources in the planning board or the product view. References: SAP S/4HANA Manufacturing for Planning & Scheduling - Implementation Guide, page 32; [SAP S/4HANA Production Planning and Manufacturing Certification Guide], page 81.

The planning strategy Finite Scheduling with Reverse allows you to schedule production orders backwards from the requested delivery date, taking into account the available capacity and material constraints. To allow scheduling the past, you need to specify a negative offset time in the strategy profile. The offset time defines how far in the past the system can schedule the production order start date. For example, if you specify an offset time of -5 days, the system can schedule the production order start date up to 5 days before the current date. This can help you to avoid late deliveries and reduce lead times.

References: [SAP S/4HANA Production Planning and Manufacturing Certification Guide], page 97; [SAP Help Portal: Finite Scheduling with Reverse]