350-701 Exam Dumps - Cisco CCNP Security Questions and Answers

IKEv1 has two modes of operation: main mode and aggressive mode. Main mode uses six messages to establish the IKE SA, while aggressive mode uses only three messages. Therefore, aggressive mode is faster than main mode, but less secure, as it exposes the identities of the peers in cleartext. This makes it vulnerable to man-in-the-middle attacks. IKEv2 does not have these modes, but uses a single four-message exchange to establish the IKE SA. IKEv2 also encrypts the identities of the peers, making it more secure than IKEv1 aggressive mode.

IKEv1 uses EAP authentication only for remote access VPNs, not for site-to-site VPNs. IKEv2 supports EAP authentication for both types of VPNs. EAP authentication allows the use of various authentication methods, such as certificates, tokens, or passwords.

IKEv1 conversations are initiated by the ISAKMP header, which contains the security parameters and the message type. IKEv2 conversations are initiated by the IKE_SA_INIT message, which contains the security parameters, the message type, and the message ID. The message ID is used to identify and order the messages in the IKEv2 exchange.

NAT-T is supported by both IKEv1 and IKEv2. NAT-T stands for Network Address Translation-Traversal, and it is a mechanism that allows IKE and IPsec traffic to pass through a NAT device. NAT-T detects the presence of NAT and encapsulates the IKE and IPsec packets in UDP headers, so that they can be translated by the NAT device. References:

• IKEv1 vs IKEv2 – What is the Difference?
• Comparison between IKEv1 and IKEv2
• IKEv2 vs IKEv1: What are the differences?

L2TP and GRE are both tunneling protocols that can be used to create site-to-site VPNs. However, they have some differences in how they encapsulate and transport data. L2TP is a layer 2 protocol that uses IP packet encapsulation to carry PPP frames over an IP network. L2TP does not add any additional header to the IP packet, but relies on IPsec to provide encryption and authentication. GRE is a layer 3 protocol that adds its own header to the IP packet, which contains information such as the protocol type, checksum, and key. GRE can be used to carry any type of payload over an IP network, not just PPP frames. GRE also requires IPsec to provide security for the tunnel. Therefore, the correct answer is C, because GRE over IPsec adds its own header, and L2TP does not1234 References := 1: Implementing and Operating Cisco Security Core Technologies (SCOR) v1.0 - Module 5: Secure Connectivity 2: What is the difference between L2TP vs GRE 3: GRE over IPSec vs L2TP over IPSEC 4: difference between L2TP/GRE/MPLS

Multifactor authentication (MFA) is an authentication method that requires the user to provide two or more verification factors to gain access to a resource such as an application, online account, or a VPN1. MFA is a core component of a strong identity and access management (IAM) policy. MFA can help prevent an attacker from stealing usernames and passwords of users within an organization by adding an extra layer of security beyond the traditional username and password. For example, a user may need to enter a one-time code sent to their phone or email, scan their fingerprint, or use a hardware token to prove their identity. This way, even if an attacker obtains the user’s credentials, they cannot access the resource without the second factor2.

The other options are not technologies that can help prevent an attacker from stealing usernames and passwords of users within an organization. RADIUS-based REAP is a protocol that allows wireless clients to authenticate with a RADIUS server, but it does not provide MFA3. Fingerprinting is a technique that identifies the operating system or application of a device based on its network characteristics, but it does not provide MFA4. Dynamic ARP Inspection is a security feature that prevents ARP spoofing attacks by validating ARP packets, but it does not provide MFA5.

References := 1: What is Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA)? | OneLogin(https://www.onelogin.com/learn/what-is-mfa)  2: What is: Multifactor Authentication - Microsoft Support(https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/topic/what-is-multifactor-authentication-e5e39437-121c-be60-d123-eda06bddf661)  3: Implementing and Operating Cisco Security Core Technologies (SCOR) v1.0, Module 3: Securing the Network, Lesson 3.3: Secure Wireless Connectivity, Topic 3.3.1: Wireless Security Protocols, page 3-40. 4: Implementing and Operating Cisco Security Core Technologies (SCOR) v1.0, Module 2: Securing the Cloud, Lesson 2.2: Cloud Security Assessment, Topic 2.2.1: Cloud Security Concepts, page 2-13. 5: Implementing and Operating Cisco Security Core Technologies (SCOR) v1.0, Module 3: Securing the Network, Lesson 3.2: Secure Network Access, Topic 3.2.2: Layer 2 Security Features, page 3-19.

In XSS, an attacker will try to inject his malicious code (usually malicious links) into a database. When other users follow his links, their web browsers are redirected to websites where attackers can steal data from them. In a SQL Injection, an attacker will try to inject SQL code (via his browser) into forms, cookies, or HTTP headers that do not use data sanitizing or validation methods of GET/POST parameters.

The API key is a secret token that is used to authenticate the client to the server. It is functionally equivalent to a username and password, and should be treated as such. The API key is passed as part of the HTTP header in the request, using the Authorization: Basic scheme. The API key is combined with the client ID and encoded in base64 format. For example, if the client ID is d16aff14860af496e848 and the API key is d01ed435-b00d-4a4d-a299-1806ac117e72, the HTTP header would look like this:

Authorization: Basic ZDE2YWZmMTQ4NjBhZjQ5NmU4NDg6ZDAxZWQ0MzUtYjAwZC00YTRkLWEyOTktMTgwNmFjMTE3ZTcy

The server then decodes the header and verifies the credentials. If the credentials are valid, the server grants access to the requested resource. If the credentials are invalid, the server returns an HTTP 401 Unauthorized error.

The API key performs the function of HTTP authentication, which is the process of verifying the identity of the client. HTTP authentication is different from HTTP authorization, which is the process of determining the permissions of the client. HTTP authorization is based on the scope of the API credential, which can be either read-only or read & write. The scope determines what actions the client can perform on the Cisco AMP for Endpoints data.

Importing requests is not a function of the API key, but rather a Python module that allows sending HTTP requests. Playing dent ID is not a meaningful term in this context. Therefore, the correct answer is C. References:

• Secure Endpoint API - Cisco DevNet
• Overview of the Cisco AMP for Endpoints API - Cisco
• Configure AMP for Endpoints Event Stream Feature - Cisco

The process of performing automated static and dynamic analysis of files against preloaded behavioral indicators for threat analysis is called advanced sandboxing. Advanced sandboxing is a feature of Cisco Secure Malware Analytics (Threat Grid), which is a cloud-based or on-premises solution that analyzes the behavior of suspicious files and URLs. Advanced sandboxing uses a combination of static and dynamic analysis techniques to examine the files against more than 700 behavioral indicators, such as registry changes, network connections, file modifications, and process injections. These indicators help to uncover stealthy and sophisticated threats, and provide the security team with detailed reports and actionable intelligence. Advanced sandboxing also integrates with other Cisco security products, such as AMP, Firepower, and Email Security, to provide comprehensive malware protection across the network. Advanced sandboxing is different from other options, such as deep visibility scan, point-in-time checks, and advanced scanning, which are not specific processes or features of Cisco Secure Malware Analytics. Deep visibility scan is a generic term that refers to the ability to inspect network traffic and files for malicious activity. Point-in-time checks are periodic scans that detect malware at a specific moment, but do not provide continuous analysis or retrospective security. Advanced scanning is also a generic term that can refer to any scanning technique that goes beyond basic signature-based detection, such as heuristic analysis, machine learning, or behavioral analysis. References :=

Some possible references are:

• Cisco Secure Malware Analytics (Threat Grid)
• Malware Protection - Cisco AMP Advanced Malware Protection
• Cisco Secure Malware Analytics Data Sheet

The Python script code snippet for the Cisco ASA REST API is used to add a global rule into policies. The script uses the urllib2 module to create an HTTP request with the URL, headers, and post_data. The post_data is a JSON object that contains the parameters for the global rule, such as the destination service, the source address, the permit value, and the position. The script also uses the base64 module to encode the username and password for authentication. The script then sends the request to the ASA REST API and prints the status code and the response. If the status code is 201, it means the operation was successful and the global rule was added. If the status code is not 201, it means there was an error and the script prints the JSON error message. The script also handles any HTTP errors and value errors that might occur during the execution. References:

• Cisco ASA REST API Quick Start Guide
• Configure Secure Access to Use REST API with Python
• GitHub - timwukp/Cisco-ASA-REST-API

create an application control blocked applications list. This option allows you to specify a list of files that you want to prevent from running on the endpoints that have the AMP connector installed. The files are identified by their SHA-256 hashes, and you can upload them individually or in a batch. The files are not quarantined, but they are blocked from execution and reported as events in the AMP console1. This option is different from the simple custom detection list, which is used to detect and quarantine specific files that are considered malicious2. The advanced custom detection list is also used to detect and quarantine files, but it allows you to specify more criteria such as file size, file name, and file path3. The IP block and allow lists are used to control the network traffic to and from the endpoints, not the file execution4. References: 1: Configure Application Control on the AMP for Endpoints Portal 2: Configure a Simple Custom Detection List on the AMP for Endpoints Portal 3: [Configure an Advanced Custom Detection List on the AMP for Endpoints Portal] 4: [Configure IP Block and Allow Lists on the AMP for Endpoints Portal]

Full Context Awareness - policy enforcement

NGIPS - threat prevention

AMP - real-time

Collective Sec Intel - Detection, blocking an remediation

Northbound and southbound APIs are two types of interfaces that enable communication between different layers of the SDN architecture. Northbound APIs relay information between the controller and the applications or policy engines, while southbound APIs relay information between the controller and the network devices.

Northbound APIs allow applications to request network services or resources from the controller, such as bandwidth, latency, security, or routing. The controller then translates these requests into network configurations and applies them to the network devices via the southbound APIs. Northbound APIs typically use RESTful API methods such as GET, POST, and DELETE to communicate with the controller.

Southbound APIs allow the controller to program the network devices to perform forwarding and other functions. The controller can use different protocols or standards to communicate with the network devices, depending on their capabilities and vendor-specific features. Some common examples of southbound APIs are CLI, SNMP, RESTCONF, NETCONF, OpenFlow, and OpFlex.

References:

• Software-Defined Networking (SDN) Definition - Cisco
• Software-Defined Networking Security and Network … - Cisco Press
• Cisco SDN – Software Defined Networking Explained - Study-CCNA
• SDN Network - Cisco Community

 Tools like Jenkins, Octopus Deploy, and Azure DevOps provide continuous integration and continuous deployment (CI/CD) capabilities for application and infrastructure automation. CI/CD is a process that enables developers to deliver code changes more frequently and reliably by automating the building, testing, and deployment stages. CI/CD tools help to integrate various components of the software delivery pipeline, such as source control, testing frameworks, configuration management, security scanning, and deployment platforms. By using CI/CD tools, developers can achieve faster feedback loops, improved quality, reduced errors, and increased efficiency123.

According to the Cisco course on Implementing and Operating Cisco Security Core Technologies (SCOR), CI/CD is one of the key concepts of DevSecOps, which is a culture and practice that aims to embed security into every stage of the software development lifecycle. DevSecOps requires collaboration and communication between development, security, and operations teams, as well as the use of automation tools and techniques to ensure security is integrated throughout the process45. References: 1: Configuring Jenkins in Azure and deploying with Octopus 2: Octopus Deploy vs. Azure DevOps (VSTS/TFS) 3: Building .NET Core Apps in Azure DevOps and integrating Octopus Deploy 4: Implementing and Operating Cisco Security Core Technologies (SCOR) v1.0 5: 350-701 SCOR - Cisco