312-96 Exam Dumps - ECCouncil Application Security Questions and Answers

The type of attack depicted in the figure is a session fixation attack. Here’s a step-by-step explanation of how this attack works:

• The attacker creates a new session on a website and obtains a valid session ID.
• The attacker then tricks the user into using this session ID, often by sending a link that includes the session ID as a parameter.
• When the user logs in using this session ID, the attacker, who now knows the session ID, can hijack the session.
• This allows the attacker to impersonate the user and carry out actions on their behalf.

In the context of the image, the steps are as follows:

• The attacker logs into a bank website using his credentials.
• The webserver sets a session ID on the attacker’s machine.
• The attacker logs into the server using the victim’s credentials with the same session ID.
• The attacker sends an email containing a link with a set session ID to the user.
• The user clicks on the link and is redirected to the bank website.
• The user logs into the server using his credentials and the fixed session ID.
• The attacker can then use the same session ID to gain unauthorized access.

References: For more information on session fixation attacks, you can refer to security resources such as OWASP (Open Web Application Security Project) and other cybersecurity publications that discuss common web vulnerabilities and their mitigation strategies.

 In a DFD, different components represent different aspects of the system:

• Circles or ovals usually represent processes or functions where data is processed or transformed.
• Arrows represent data flows moving from one part of the system to another.
• Open rectangles represent external entities or actors that interact with the system.
• Parallel lines represent data stores or repositories where data is held.

Given these conventions, a change in privilege levels would most likely be associated with a process, as it involves a transformation or decision within the system. Therefore, the component that represents a process (typically a circle or oval) would be used to depict a change in privilege levels.

References: For accurate and verified answers, please refer to the official EC-Council Application Security Engineer (CASE) JAVA study guides and course materials12. These resources will provide the most reliable information regarding the specifics of DFD components as they pertain to the CASE JAVA certification.

 The state management method that works specifically for a sequence of dynamically generated forms is the use of hidden fields. Hidden fields are a form of web form element that do not appear visible to the user but hold data that can be sent back to the server when the form is submitted. This method is particularly useful for maintaining state across multiple forms because the data in the hidden fields can be carried forward as the user progresses through the sequence of forms. Unlike cookies or sessions, which are maintained by the browser or server and can persist across different sessions and pages, hidden fields are tied to the specific form and its submission, making them suitable for state management in a sequence of dynamically generated forms.

References: The information provided here is aligned with the principles and guidelines found in the EC-Council’s Certified Application Security Engineer (CASE) JAVA documentation and learning resources, which emphasize the importance of understanding various state management techniques and their appropriate use cases within the context of secure application development12.

Jacob is performing a Static Application Security Testing (SAST). SAST involves inspecting the source code to find security vulnerabilities that could be exploited by attackers. It is a white-box testing method where the tester has knowledge of the system architecture and source code. SAST tools analyze the code for patterns that may indicate security issues, such as input validation errors, insecure dependencies, and more.

References:For specific references, please consult the EC-Council Application Security Engineer (CASE) JAVA related courses and study guides. These resources will provide detailed information on SAST and its methodologies as per the EC-Council’s standards and guidelines. My response is based on the general knowledge of application security practices up to the year 2021.

To mitigate the security risk of users being able to view the website structure and file names, the correct action would be to disable directory listings. This is often accomplished through configuration settings in web server software, where you can specify whether to allow or deny the listing of directory contents. The option <int-param> <param-name>listings <param-value>false</int-param> effectively disables directory listings, preventing users and potential attackers from viewing the website's file and directory structure, thus enhancing security. Ensuring that directory listings are disabled is a common security practice to avoid revealing sensitive information about the web application's structure.References:

• Web Server Security Best Practices documentation
• OWASP (Open Web Application Security Project) guidelines on securing web server configurations

To prevent the server name from being displayed in the server response header, you should set the Server attribute to an empty string. This is because the server name is included in the HTTP response headers by default, and setting it to an empty string effectively removes this information, thus not disclosing the identity of the server software being used.

References: The EC-Council’s Certified Application Security Engineer (CASE) JAVA materials cover various aspects of secure application development, including the configuration of servers to enhance security. While the exact configuration details can vary based on the server and environment, the principle of setting the Server attribute to an empty string to hide the server information is a common practice in securing web applications as per the guidelines of secure application development.

 In the context of security use case scenarios, a ‘Mitigates Relationship’ is used to describe how a security control, policy, or guideline is intended to prevent or mitigate an attack scenario1. This relationship is crucial in defining how a particular security measure addresses a potential threat or vulnerability within the system.

For example, if a security use case scenario involves preventing a phishing attack, the ‘Mitigates Relationship’ would describe how anti-phishing controls or user training programs are designed to reduce the risk or impact of such attacks. This relationship helps in mapping out the defense mechanisms against the identified threats in a structured manner.

References: The concept of a ‘Mitigates Relationship’ in security use case scenarios can be found in various security frameworks and guidelines. While I cannot provide direct references to EC-Council Application Security Engineer (CASE) JAVA documents, this relationship is aligned with industry-standard practices for describing how security measures counteract specific threats. For detailed information, one would refer to the EC-Council’s CASE JAVA courses and study guides, which provide insights into security use cases and the relationships between different components within those scenarios.

 The account lockout mechanism is designed to prevent brute-force attacks by locking an account after a certain number of failed login attempts. However, this security feature can be abused to perform a Denial-of-Service (DoS) attack. An attacker could deliberately fail the login process multiple times for a legitimate user’s account, causing the account to be locked and preventing the legitimate user from accessing their account. This type of attack exploits the security feature to deny service to legitimate users.

References: The explanation aligns with the security testing guidelines provided by the OWASP Foundation, which discusses the balance required in account lockout mechanisms to protect against unauthorized access while not denying access to authorized users1. Additionally, research papers such as those from Worcester Polytechnic Institute detail how account lockout mechanisms can be exploited to create DoS attacks2. For official EC-Council Application Security Engineer (CASE) JAVA documentation and learning resources, please refer to the EC-Council’s official materials and courses.

To enable the Struts validator, you typically need to set the validate attribute to “true” in the Struts configuration file. This is done within the  section of the struts-config.xml file, where you define your form beans and their associated validation rules. Here’s a step-by-step explanation:

• Open the struts-config.xml file.
• Locate the  section.
• For each form bean that requires validation, ensure that the validate attribute is set to “true”.
• Define your validation rules in a separate XML file, typically named Validation.xml.
• Link this validation file with your form bean using the  tags.
• Ensure that the  plug-in is defined in your struts-config.xml file to enable the validation framework.

References: While I can’t provide direct references to the EC-Council’s CASE JAVA courses and study guides, you can refer to the official Struts documentation and community resources for more information on configuring the validator in Struts applications. The official Apache Struts website would be a good starting point.

The phase in threat modeling where applications are decomposed and their entry points are reviewed from an attacker’s perspective is known as Attack Surface Evaluation. This phase involves identifying all the points where an unauthorized user could potentially enter or extract data from the system. It is a critical step in securing applications as it helps to understand all the potential vulnerabilities that could be exploited.

During Attack Surface Evaluation, the application is broken down into its constituent components, and each is analyzed for potential weaknesses. This includes reviewing all forms of input and output, authentication mechanisms, access controls, and the overall architecture of the application. By understanding the attack surface, security teams can better anticipate how an attacker might attempt to breach the system and take steps to mitigate those risks.

References:For more detailed information, please refer to the EC-Council’s Certified Application Security Engineer (CASE) JAVA courses and study guides, which provide extensive coverage on threat modeling, including Attack Surface Evaluation12. These resources will offer a comprehensive understanding of the process and its importance in the context of application security.