212-89 Exam Dumps - ECCouncil ECIH Questions and Answers

During the incident handling and response (IH&R) process, the stage of "Evidence gathering and forensics analysis" involves the collection of evidence, forensic analysis, and detailed investigation to uncover the root cause of the incident. This stage is crucial for understanding how the incident occurred, identifying the threat actors involved, the methods they used (threat vectors), and the extent of the impact. By analyzing evidence, incident responders can reconstruct the sequence of events, identify the vulnerabilities exploited, and determine the scope of the incident. This information is vital for resolving the incident effectively and taking steps to prevent future occurrences.

The Volatility framework is a widely used tool for analyzing volatile memory (RAM) dumps. It is especially useful in digital forensics and malware analysis. One of the fundamental tasks in memory analysis is to list the processes that were running on the system at the time the memory dump was taken. Thepslistcommand in the Volatility framework serves this purpose by listing all processes from the process list in memory, which can provide valuable insights into what was happening on the system, including the presence of any malicious processes.

The syntax provided in the answer option corresponds to the usage of thepslistcommand with the Volatility tool, specifying the memory dump file to be analyzed (-f /root/Desktop/memdump.mem) and the profile of the system from which the dump was taken (--profile=Win2008SP1x86). This information is crucial for accurate analysis, as the profile helps Volatility interpret the memory structures correctly.

In the context of digital evidence investigation, volatility refers to how quickly data can change or be lost when power is removed or systems are altered. Among the options provided, cache is the most volatile because it is temporary storage that is designed to speed up access to data and is frequently overwritten. Cache data resides in RAM and includes things like memory buffers, system and network information, and process execution data, which are lost upon reboot or power loss. This contrasts with disks, emails, and temp files, which are considered less volatile because they are stored on permanent or semi-permanent media and are less likely to be immediately lost or overwritten.

In the incident handling and response (IH&R) process, backing up the data on affected systems is a critical step that usually falls under the Containment phase. The Containment phase is crucial for limiting the scope and severity of an incident, ensuring that it does not spread further or affect additional systems. Backing up affected systems during containment is essential for several reasons: it preserves a snapshot of the system in its current state for forensic analysis, ensures that data is not lost if the system needs to be wiped or altered during the response process, and helps in the recovery process if data is corrupted or lost.

By performing a complete backup of the infected system during the Containment phase, Alice ensures that there is a reliable copy of all data and system states before any major actions, such as eradication or deeper forensic analysis, are taken. This step is also preparatory for the potential use of the backup in analyzing how the incident occurred and in restoring system functionality after the incident is resolved.

The scenario described is characteristic of a Trojan. A Trojan is a type of malware that disguises itself as legitimate software but performs malicious actions once installed. Unlike viruses, which can replicate themselves, or worms, which can spread across networks on their own, Trojans rely on the guise of legitimacy to trick users into initiating their execution. In this case, the user believed they were downloading and installing genuine software, but the reality was that the application contained a Trojan. The malicious code executed upon installation provided unauthorized remote access to the user's computer, which could be used by an attacker to control the system, steal data, install additional malware, or carry out other malicious activities.

Trojans can come in many forms and can be used to achieve a wide range of malicious objectives, making them a versatile and dangerous type of cyber threat. The deceptive nature of Trojans, exploiting the trust users have in what appears to be legitimate software, is what makes them particularly effective and widespread.

Whaling is a specific type of phishing attack that targets high-profile executives or individuals within an organization, often with the intent to steal sensitive information or gain access to their accounts for financial fraud. The term "whaling" is used because it targets the "big fish" of an organization. Given that Sam identified the targets of the attack as high-profile executives, the described scenario is indicative of a whaling attack.

The scenario described fits the characteristics of an Advanced Persistent Threat (APT) attack. APTs are sophisticated, stealthy, and continuous computer hacking processes often orchestrated by groups targeting a specific entity. These attackers penetrate the network through vulnerabilities, maintain access without detection, and achieve their objectives, such as data exfiltration or financial theft, over an extended period. The fact that attackers exploited a minor vulnerability, maintained access for six months, and performed lateral movements to access critical systems for fraudulent transactions highlights the strategic planning and persistence typical of APT attacks.

URL encoding, also known as percent-encoding, is a mechanism for encoding information in a Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) under certain circumstances. This technique involves replacing unsafe ASCII characters with a "%" followed by two hexadecimal digits that represent the character's ASCII code. This is necessary for embedding characters that are not allowed in URLs directly, such as spaces and symbols, or characters that have special meanings within URLs, ensuring that the URL is correctly interpreted by web browsers and servers.

Restoring web application services with the help of existing backups, as performed by Robert, falls under the Recovery stage of the Incident Handling and Response (IH&R) process. The Recovery stage involves actions taken to return the organization to normal operations after an incident, which includes restoring systems to their operational state using backups, patching vulnerabilities, and ensuring that all systems are clean and secure before being brought back online. This step is crucial for resuming business operations and mitigating the impact of the incident.

When Joseph, the IH&R team lead, alerted service providers, developers, and manufacturers about the affected resources, he was engaged in the Containment stage of the Incident Handling and Response (IH&R) process. Containment involves taking steps to limit the spread or impact of an incident and to isolate affected systems to prevent further damage. Alerting relevant stakeholders, including service providers and developers, is part of containment efforts to ensure that the threat does not escalate and that measures are taken to protect unaffected resources. This stage precedes eradication and recovery, focusing on immediate response actions to secure the environment.