Google Cloud Certified Cloud-Digital-Leader Book

Cloud Spanner:

Fully managed relational database with unlimited scale, strong consistency, and up to 99.999% availability.

- Get all the benefits of relational semantics and SQL with unlimited scale

- Start at any size and scale with no limits as your needs grow

- Enjoy high availability with zero scheduled downtime and online schema changes

- Deliver high-performance transactions with strong consistency across regions and continents

- Focus on innovation, eliminating manual tasks with capabilities like automatic sharding

Automatic sharding

Cloud Spanner optimizes performance by automatically sharding the data based on request load and size of the data. As a result, you can spend less time worrying about how to scale your database and instead focus on scaling your business.

Strong transactional consistency

Purpose-built for external, strong, global transactional consistency.

Regional and multi-regional configurations

No matter where your users may be, apps backed by Cloud Spanner can read and write up-to-date strongly consistent data globally Additionally, when running a multi-region instance, your database is able to survive a regional failure, and offers industry-leading 99.999% availability.

Online schema changes with no downtime

Cloud Spanner users can make a schema change, whether it’s adding a column or adding an index while serving traffic with zero downtime. Hence you now have the flexibility to adapt your database to your business needs without compromising on the availability of your application.

Implied rules Every VPC network has two implied firewall rules. These rules exist, but are not shown in the Cloud Console:

Implied allow egress rule. An egress rule whose action is allow, destination is 0.0.0.0/0, and priority is the lowest possible (65535) lets any instance send traffic to any destination, except for traffic blocked by Google Cloud. A higher priority firewall rule may restrict outbound access. Internet access is allowed if no other firewall rules deny outbound traffic and if the instance has an external IP address or uses a Cloud NAT instance. For more information, see Internet access requirements.

Reference link- https://cloud.google.com/vpc/docs/firewalls

Policies are a union of those applied to resources themselves and those inherited from higher levels in the hierarchy. If a parent policy is less restrictive, it overrides a more restrictive policy applied to the resource. If a parent policy is more restrictive, it does not override a less restrictive policy applied to the resource. Therefore, access granted at a higher level in the hierarchy cannot be taken away by policies applied at a lower level in the hierarchy.

What is Infrastructure as a service :

IaaS (infrastructure as a service) is a computing model that offers resources on-demand to businesses and individuals via the cloud.

IaaS is attractive because acquiring computing resources to run applications or store data the traditional way requires time and capital. Enterprises must purchase equipment through procurement processes that can take months. They must invest in physical spaces: typically specialized rooms with power and cooling. And after deploying the systems, enterprises need IT, professionals, to manage them.

All this is challenging to scale when demand spikes or the business grows. Enterprises risk running out of capacity or overbuilding and ending up with infrastructure that suffers from low utilization.

These challenges are why IaaS use is steadily growing. Learn more about Compute Engine, Cloud Storage, etc.