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Designing the tests is part of the Test Analysis and Design phase, not the Test Implementation and Execution phase. The Test Implementation and Execution phase involves creating test suites, executing test cases, and comparing actual results with expected outcomes to identify any discrepancies​​.

One of the seven key principles of software testing, as outlined in the ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, states that exhaustive testing is impossible except for trivial cases. This principle emphasizes that it is not feasible to test all possible input/output combinations due to the sheer number of permutations, and therefore, testing should be risk-based and prioritized to ensure the most critical aspects are tested effectively.

The other answers are incorrect because:

(ii) Walkthroughs do not require code and static analysis does require code.

(iv) Static techniques do not execute the code and therefore can be run before and after the code is ready for execution.

Debugging is the process that developers follow to find, analyze, and fix the root causes of defects in the software. This includes identifying the source of the problem, correcting the code, and then testing the changes to ensure the defect has been properly fixed and that the fix does not introduce new issues.