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The action that an administrator should take to ensure application.exe cannot run is to remove the Permissions rule for C:\Program Files\IT\Tools*. This is because the Permissions rule has a higher priority than the Blocking and Isolation rule, and it allows any operation on any file in that path, including application.exe. By removing the Permissions rule, the Blocking and Isolation rule will apply and terminate application.exe based on its SUSPECT_MALWARE reputation. The other options are incorrect because they will not prevent application.exe from running. Option A is incorrect because changing the reputation to KNOWN MALWARE will not override the Permissions rule that allows any operation on the file. Option B is incorrect because the file will not be blocked based on reputation alone, as the Permissions rule will bypass the reputation check. Option D is incorrect because adding the hash to the company banned list will not override the Permissions rule that allows any operation on the file. References: Precedence of Policy Rules, Set Permission Policy Rules, Set Blocking and Isolation Policy Rules

VMware Carbon Black Cloud Endpoint Standard uses a hybrid approach to determine the reputation of files on the endpoints. It combines local scan, which uses signature-based detection to identify known malware, and cloud scan, which uses cloud-based analytics and machine learning to identify unknown or emerging threats. When a sensor’s local AV signatures are out-of-date, it means that the local scan cannot detect the latest malware variants that have been added to the signature database. However, this does not affect the cloud scan, which can still determine the reputation of newly discovered files based on their behavior, characteristics, and context. Therefore, the effect of having out-of-date local AV signatures is that the reputation is determined by cloud reputation, which is more accurate and up-to-date than signature-based detection. The other options are not correct, because the sensor does not prompt the end user, automatically block, or fail to block a new file based on the local AV signatures alone. References: Carbon Black Cloud Endpoint Standard - Technical Overview, View and Update Signature Versions, Endpoint Standard: How to verify AV Signatures are updating

 According to the VMware Carbon Black Cloud User Guide, the reputation priority is in a descending order with 1 being the highest priority and 11 the lowest priority. The highest priority reputation is Ignore, which is a self-check reputation that Carbon Black Cloud assigns to product files and grants them with full permissions to run. The lowest priority reputation is Unknown, which indicates that Carbon Black Cloud has not yet determined the reputation of the file. References:

• Reputation Assignment - VMware Docs, Reputation Priority table.

The impact of using the wildcards in the path for this rule is C. Any executable in the downloads directory for any user on the system will be bypassed for inspection. This is because the permission rule has the following options selected:

• Application at path: C:\Users*\Downloads**
• Operation Attempt: Performs any operation
• Action: Bypass

The application at path field specifies the path of the executable file that the rule applies to. The * wildcard matches 0 or more consecutive characters up to a single subdirectory level. For example, C:\Users*\ matches any subdirectory under the Users directory, such as C:\Users\Lorie, C:\Users\John, or C:\Users\Alice. The ** wildcard matches a partial path across all subdirectory levels and is recursive. For example, \Downloads** matches any files in that directory and all subdirectories. Therefore, by using the wildcards in the application at path field, the permission rule covers any executable file in the downloads directory for any user on the system.

The operation attempt field specifies the type of operation that the executable file attempts to perform. The Performs any operation option means that the rule applies to any operation, such as creating a file, modifying a registry key, or executing a command.

The action field specifies the action that the VMware Carbon Black Cloud Endpoint Standard sensor takes when the rule is triggered. The Bypass option means that the sensor ignores the executable file and does not apply any blocking rules or log any events for it1.

Therefore, by using the wildcards in the path for this rule, the permission rule effectively bypasses any executable file in the downloads directory for any user on the system from the VMware Carbon Black Cloud Endpoint Standard sensor’s prevention and detection capabilities. References:

• Prevention Policy Settings - VMware Docs, Permissions section, Action subsection.