202-450 LPI Exam Lab Questions

 The dig tool is a command-line utility that can query DNS servers and display the results in a human-readable format. The output of dig includes the following sections:

• The header section, which shows the query parameters and response status.
• The question section, which repeats the query name and type.
• The answer section, which shows the resource records that match the query.
• The authority section, which shows the authoritative name servers for the queried domain.
• The additional section, which shows any additional records that may be useful.

The output format of dig is similar to the image provided in the question, which shows the following information:

• The query was for the A record of www.lpi.org.
• The response was received from the DNS server 8.8.8.8.
• The response had an opcode of QUERY, a status of NOERROR, and a flags of QR RD RA.
• The response had 1 question, 1 answer, 0 authority, and 0 additional records.
• The answer record was www.lpi.org. 300 IN A 104.21.23.156, which means that the IP address of www.lpi.org is 104.21.23.156 and has a time-to-live of 300 seconds.

References: dig manual page, dig tutorial

 OpenVAS is a network security scanner project that, at the core, is a server with a set of network vulnerability tests (NVTs) to detect security problems in remote systems and applications. It is an open-source tool that was forked from Nessus, a popular commercial scanner. OpenVAS can perform comprehensive scans of networks and hosts, as well as web application scanning and compliance testing. It also provides a graphical user interface (GUI) and a command-line interface (CLI) for managing scans and reports. References:

• Greenbone Vulnerability Management - Gentoo wiki
• The Best Network Vulnerability Scanners Tested in 2023 - Comparitech

mount-tnfsv4 server://mnt

of an NFC-Client, it is observed that /mnt contains the content of the server’s /usr directory instead of the content of the NFSv4 foot folder.

Which option in /etc/exports has to be changed or removed in order to make the NFSv4 root folder appear when mounting the highest level of the server? (Specify ONLY the option name without any values or parameters.)

Answer:  fsid

The fsid option in /etc/exports is used to specify a unique identifier for each exported filesystem. For NFSv4, there is a distinguished filesystem which is the root of all exported filesystems, and it is specified with fsid=root or fsid=0, both of which mean the same thing. If this option is used for the /exports directory, then it will be the root of the NFSv4 hierarchy, and any subdirectories under it will be mounted relative to it. This means that when mounting the highest level of the server, the client will see the content of /exports instead of the NFSv4 root folder. To avoid this, the fsid option should be removed or changed to a different value for the /exports directory, so that it is not the NFSv4 root. The other options in /etc/exports are not relevant for this question.

The command that displays NFS kernel statistics is nfsstat. This command can be used to show information about the number and type of NFS and RPC calls made by the NFS client or server. It can also be used to reset the statistics to zero, or to display information about mounted NFS file systems. The nfsstat command is part of the nfs-utils package and can be installed on most Linux distributions. For more information about the nfsstat command, you can refer to the following resources:

• 1: A Microsoft Learn article that explains the syntax and usage of the nfsstat command on Windows Server.
• 2: A Bing search result page that shows various links and snippets related to the nfsstat command.
• 3: A Red Hat article that demonstrates how to use the nfsstat and nfsiostat commands to troubleshoot NFS performance issues on Linux.