010-160 VCE Exam Download

The last command in Linux is used to display the list of all the users logged in and out since the file /var/log/wtmp was created1. The output of the last command shows the username, the terminal, the IP address, the login time and date, and the duration of the session for each record2. The option E is the only one that matches this format. Theother options are not related to the last command. Option A shows a list of commands executed by a user. Option B shows the password change information for a user. Option C shows the last login information for a user. Option D shows the mount information for a filesystem. References:

• Linux Essentials Version 1.6 Objectives3, Topic 1.4: Command Line Basics, Subtopic: Basic Shell Commands
• Linux last Command Tutorial for Beginners (8 Examples)4
• Linux Essentials Version 1.6 Exam Preparation Guide, Section 1.4: Command Line Basics, Page 16

The backslash character () is used to escape the meaning of the next character in a command line. This means that the next character is treated as a literal character, not as a special character. For example, if you want to use a space in a file name, you can use a backslash before the space to prevent the shell from interpreting it as a separator. Similarly, if you want to split a long command line across multiple lines, you can use a backslash at the end of each line to tell the shell that the command is not finished yet. The shell will ignore the newline character and continue reading the next line as part of the same command. For example, you can write:

ls -l/home/user/Documents

instead of:

ls -l /home/user/Documents

Both commands will produce the same output, but the first one is easier to read and type. References:

• Linux Essentials - Linux Professional Institute (LPI), section 2.1.2
• 2.1 Command Line Basics - Linux Professional Institute Certification Programs, slide 7.

The distribution’s package repository is the preferred source for the installation of new applications in a Linux based operating system. A package repository is a collection of software packages that are maintained by the distribution and can be easily installed, updated, or removed using a package manager. Package repositories offer several advantages, such as:

• They ensure compatibility and stability with the system and other packages.
• They provide security updates and bug fixes for the packages.
• They reduce the risk of malware or corrupted files.
• They simplify the dependency management and configuration of the packages.

The other sources are not preferred because they may not offer these benefits and may cause problems with the system. The vendor’s version management system, the vendor’s website, or a CD-ROM disk may contain packages that are not compatible with the distribution or may conflict with other packages. A retail store may not have the latest or the most suitable packages for the system. References:

• Linux Essentials - Linux Professional Institute (LPI), section 1.3 Installing, Updating and Removing Software Packages
• LPI Linux Essentials Study Guide: Exam 010 v1.6, 3rd Edition, chapter 4 Working on the Command Line, section 4.2 Managing Software
• Table of Contents - Linux Professional Institute Certification Programs, section 1.3 Installing, Updating and Removing Software Packages

CentOS is a Linux distribution that is based on the source code of Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL). It is a free and open-source community-supported OS that provides an enterprise-level computing platform. CentOS is fully compatible with RHEL and can run the same applications and packages. Therefore, CentOS allows the team members to apply as much of their Red Hat Enterprise Linux knowledge as possible for their hobby project. References:

• Linux Essentials Version 1.6 Objectives1, Topic 1.1: Linux Evolution and Popular Operating Systems, Subtopic: Linux Distributions
• Linux Essentials Version 1.6 Exam Preparation Guide2, Section 1.1: Linux Evolution and Popular Operating Systems, Page 7
• CentOS Website3, About CentOS Linux
• Red Hat Enterprise Linux derivatives - Wikipedia4